Pongutta Suladda, Kantamaturapoj Kanang, Phakdeesettakun Kannapon, Phonsuk Payao
International Health Policy Programme, Tiwanon Rd, Muang, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand.
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E7HT, UK.
Heliyon. 2021 May 27;7(5):e07161. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07161. eCollection 2021 May.
This study examined the social impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Bangkok slum residents and the initiatives of Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) to relieve negative impacts. A mixed-methods study was conducted based on the Social Impact framework. In June 2020, a cross-sectional survey was carried out among 900 participants from nine slums in different zones of Bangkok. In July 2020, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 slum residents and four CSOs to gain in-depth information on the social impact of COVID-19 and CSOs' response. Out of 900 participants, 25.9% lost their jobs during the lockdown and 52.7% lost their income. The job and income loss increased the poverty rate within the participants from 51.6% to 91.7%. Participants limited their mobility and social activities during the lockdown. Stress was increased among 42.6% of all participants and the increased stress was associated with both income loss and self-quarantine. Due to financial constraints, a significant proportion of participants had to limit their food consumption and/or their consumption of nutritious but more expensive food. Almost one-tenth of the participants relied on donated food only. The majority of the participants (61.1%) could not access the income compensation scheme. COVID-19 forced Bangkok slums residents to live below the subsistence level in multiple ways with limited access to social protections. CSOs played an important role in relieving the suffering by providing food, survival kits, jobs, and access to COVID-19 test. Their agility, skills and knowledge about slums, and social capital enabled a rapid response to the crisis. Experienced local CSOs should be engaged as a bridge between urban slums and social protections. A holistic approach to combatting the COVID-19 crisis should be implemented. It is important to find the balance between preventing death from the virus and preventing suffering and death from an economic crisis.
本研究考察了新冠疫情对曼谷贫民窟居民的社会影响以及民间社会组织（CSO）为缓解负面影响所采取的举措。基于社会影响框架开展了一项混合方法研究。2020年6月，对来自曼谷不同区域九个贫民窟的900名参与者进行了横断面调查。2020年7月，对19名贫民窟居民和四个民间社会组织进行了半结构化访谈，以深入了解新冠疫情的社会影响以及民间社会组织的应对措施。在900名参与者中，25.9%的人在封锁期间失去了工作，52.7%的人失去了收入。工作和收入的损失使参与者中的贫困率从51.6%上升到了91.7%。参与者在封锁期间限制了行动和社交活动。42.6%的参与者压力增加，压力增加与收入损失和自我隔离都有关。由于经济拮据，很大一部分参与者不得不限制食物消费和/或减少对营养但更昂贵食物的消费。近十分之一的参与者仅依靠捐赠食品为生。大多数参与者（61.1%）无法获得收入补偿计划。新冠疫情迫使曼谷贫民窟居民在多方面生活在维持生计水平以下，且获得社会保护的机会有限。民间社会组织通过提供食物、生存包、工作以及新冠病毒检测机会，在减轻痛苦方面发挥了重要作用。它们的灵活性、对贫民窟的了解和技能以及社会资本使其能够迅速应对危机。应让经验丰富的当地民间社会组织充当城市贫民窟与社会保护之间的桥梁。应实施一种全面应对新冠疫情危机的方法。在防止因病毒死亡与防止因经济危机导致的痛苦和死亡之间找到平衡很重要。
