Calatayud E, Gómez-Cabello A, Gómez-Soria I
Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Zaragoza. Zaragoza. España..
An Sist Sanit Navar. 2021 Dec 27;44(3):361-372. doi: 10.23938/ASSN.0961.
Cognitive stimulation programs in older adults seek cognitive and emotional improvements. The literature makes no reference to programs adapted according to cognitive and occupational levels in older adults with no cognitive impairment. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of level-adapted cognitive stimulation intervention in older adults in terms of cognition and mood.
Randomized clinical trial (CONSORT) at a health center, which included 201 participants =?65 years (101 intervention and 100 control) evaluated immediately after the intervention, then at six months and finally at one year. The assessment instruments were the cognitive mini-exam (CME), the abbreviated Goldberg anxiety scale and the Yesavage geriatric depression scale (GDS-15). The intervention was carried out through a cognitive stimulation program with two cognitive levels according to CME (high: 32-35; low: 28-31) with ten sessions of 45 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t-test.
The difference observed in the averages between control and intervention groups was statistically significant in the three assessments; these differences were observed regardless of gender, age, cognitive level, and mood. One year after the intervention, CME score reached an increase of 1.48 points in the in the high level group and 2.03 points in the low level. However, no significant differences in CME score were observed in any of the assessments for anxiety or depression.
A cognitive stimulation program, cognitive level-adapted, has shown cognitive benefits in older adults without cognitive impairment living in the community, regardless of sex, age and educational level.
针对老年人的认知刺激项目旨在改善认知和情绪。文献中未提及根据无认知障碍老年人的认知和职业水平进行调整的项目。本研究的目的是分析根据水平调整的认知刺激干预对老年人认知和情绪的有效性。
在一个健康中心进行随机临床试验（CONSORT），纳入201名年龄≥65岁的参与者（101名干预组和100名对照组），在干预后立即进行评估，然后在六个月和一年后再次评估。评估工具包括认知迷你测试（CME）、戈德堡焦虑量表简表和耶萨维奇老年抑郁量表（GDS-15）。干预通过一个认知刺激项目进行，根据CME分为两个认知水平（高：32-35；低：28-31），共十节45分钟的课程。采用学生t检验进行统计分析。
在三次评估中，对照组和干预组的平均差异具有统计学意义；无论性别、年龄、认知水平和情绪如何，均观察到这些差异。干预一年后，高水平组的CME分数提高了1.48分，低水平组提高了2.03分。然而，在焦虑或抑郁的任何评估中，CME分数均未观察到显著差异。
一个根据认知水平调整的认知刺激项目，已显示出对社区中无认知障碍的老年人具有认知益处，无论其性别、年龄和教育水平如何。
