J Acad Nutr Diet. 2021 Aug;121(8):1551-1564.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.05.001. Epub 2021 Jun 16.
Portion control is a useful component of weight reduction interventions and meal replacement (MR) plans represent a promising strategy for portion control. Research performed with pooled data on the effect of MR plans according to various characteristics of MR interventions remains scarce.
Our aim was to assess the effects of MR-based diets compared with food-based diets on weight loss, according to calorie-restriction types and energy intake proportions from MR.
Electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and Research Information Sharing Service) were searched for randomized controlled trials on weight loss results of MR-based calorie-restricted diets compared with food-based calorie-restricted diets from January 2000 to May 2020. Standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) from all study outcomes were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was quantified by Q test and I. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and a trim and fill method. Both interventions (MR and control) were separated into very-low-energy diets and low-energy diets (LEDs). A meta-analysis of variance was conducted by dividing patient-related factors and treatment-related factors into subgroups. In multivariable meta-regressions, background variables were selected first, after which main independent variables were included.
Twenty-two studies involving 24 interventions and 1,982 patients who were overweight or obese were included. The effect size in which MR-based LED was compared with food-based LED for weight loss was small, favoring MR (Hedges' g = 0.261; 95% CI 0.156 to 0.365; I = 21.9; 95% CI 0.0 to 53.6). Diets including ≥60% of total daily energy intake from MR had a medium effect size favoring MR with regard to weight loss among the groups (Hedges' g = 0.545; 95% CI 0.260 to 0.830; I = 42.7; 95% CI 0.0 to 80.8).
The effect of MR-based LED on weight loss was superior to the effect of food-based LED, and receiving ≥60% of total daily energy intake from MR had the greatest effect on weight loss.
分量控制是减重干预的一个有用组成部分，代餐（MR）计划代表了一种分量控制的有前途的策略。根据 MR 干预的各种特征对 MR 计划效果进行的综合数据分析仍然很少。
我们的目的是根据 MR 干预的卡路里限制类型和从 MR 获得的能量摄入比例，评估基于 MR 的饮食与基于食物的饮食在减肥方面的效果。
从 2000 年 1 月至 2020 年 5 月，电子数据库（Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库、PubMed、Embase 和研究信息共享服务）检索了关于基于 MR 的限制卡路里饮食与基于食物的限制卡路里饮食在减肥效果方面的随机对照试验。使用随机效应模型计算所有研究结果的标准化均数差（Hedges'g）。使用 Q 检验和 I 检验来量化异质性。使用漏斗图和修剪填充法评估发表偏倚。将两种干预（MR 和对照组）分为极低能量饮食和低能量饮食（LED）。通过将与患者相关的因素和与治疗相关的因素分为亚组，进行方差的荟萃分析。在多变量荟萃回归中，首先选择背景变量，然后纳入主要自变量。
纳入了 22 项研究，涉及 24 种干预措施和 1982 名超重或肥胖患者。与基于食物的 LED 相比，基于 MR 的 LED 在减肥方面的效果较小，有利于 MR（Hedges'g=0.261；95%置信区间 0.156 至 0.365；I=21.9；95%置信区间 0.0 至 53.6）。在包括≥60%总日能量摄入来自 MR 的饮食组中，MR 对体重减轻的影响具有中等效果（Hedges'g=0.545；95%置信区间 0.260 至 0.830；I=42.7；95%置信区间 0.0 至 80.8）。
基于 MR 的 LED 在减肥方面的效果优于基于食物的 LED，并且从总日能量摄入中获得≥60%的摄入量对减肥效果最大。
Zotero 插件