Department of Urology, University Stone Center, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
Bonn Education Association for Dietetics r. A., Cologne, Germany.
World J Urol. 2023 May;41(5):1221-1228. doi: 10.1007/s00345-022-04268-w. Epub 2023 Jan 2.
Overweight has been associated with an increased risk of incident and recurrent kidney stone disease. Weight reduction is the therapeutic consequence to decrease the risk of stone formation. This review examines the effectiveness of different weight loss strategies on weight reduction and cardiometabolic risk profile, with a particular focus on risk factors for urolithiasis.
A selective literature search was performed using PubMed and Cochrane library.
Clinical evidence for the potential benefits of dietary weight loss strategies for kidney stone disease is limited. A conventional, energy-restricted diet may significantly induce weight loss and reduce urinary supersaturation of calcium oxalate in overweight individuals with or without a history of stone formation. The current data indicate that an energy-restricted diet with partial meal replacement may additionally decrease the relative supersaturation of uric acid and further improve the cardiometabolic risk profile, and, thus, may be a favourable option for overweight kidney stone patients. Studies on the Mediterranean and DASH diets on the association between weight loss and the risk of urinary stone formation are lacking.
An energy-restricted diet with or without meal replacement could be a promising weight loss strategy for overweight kidney stone patients. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of different weight loss strategies on urinary risk factors and cardiometabolic risk profile in urolithiasis.
超重与肾结石发病和复发风险增加有关。减轻体重是降低结石形成风险的治疗后果。本综述考察了不同减肥策略在减轻体重和代谢风险特征方面的有效性，特别关注结石形成的危险因素。
使用 PubMed 和 Cochrane 图书馆进行了选择性文献检索。
肾结石疾病饮食减肥策略潜在益处的临床证据有限。对于有或没有结石形成史的超重个体，传统的能量限制饮食可能会显著诱导体重减轻，并降低草酸钙的尿过饱和度。目前的数据表明，部分替代膳食的能量限制饮食可能会进一步降低尿酸的相对过饱和度，并进一步改善代谢风险特征，因此可能是超重肾结石患者的一个有利选择。关于地中海饮食和 DASH 饮食与体重减轻和尿结石形成风险之间关系的研究尚缺乏。
有或没有膳食替代的能量限制饮食可能是超重肾结石患者有前途的减肥策略。需要进一步研究来评估不同减肥策略对尿风险因素和代谢风险特征在尿石症中的影响。
