Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
Tierklinik Luesche GmbH, Essenerstrasse 39a, 49456, Luesche, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 18;11(1):12832. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92272-2.
Work on curved tracks, e.g. on circles, is commonplace within all forms of horse training. Horse movements in circles are naturally asymmetric, including the load distribution between inner and outer limbs. Within equestrian dressage the horse is expected to bend the back laterally to follow the circle, but this has never been studied scientifically. In the current study 12 horses were measured (optical motion capture, 100 Hz) trotting on left and right circles and on the straight without rider (soft surface). Data from markers placed along the spine indicated increased lateral bending to the inside (e.g. left bending on the left circle) of the thoracolumbar back (difference left circle vs. straight - 3.75°; right circle + 3.61°) and the neck (left - 5.23°; right + 4.80° vs. straight). Lateral bending ROM increased on the circle (+ 0.87° and + 0.62°). Individual variation in straight-circle differences was evident, but each horse was generally consistent over multiple trials. Differences in back movements between circle and straight were generally small and may or may not be visible, but accompanying changes in muscle activity and limb movements may add to the visual impression.
在各种形式的马术训练中，曲线轨道（例如圆形轨道）上的工作是很常见的。马在圆形轨道上的运动是自然不对称的，包括内肢和外肢之间的负荷分布。在盛装舞步中，要求马的背部向侧面弯曲以跟随圆形，但这从未进行过科学研究。在当前的研究中，12 匹马在没有骑手（软表面）的情况下在左、右圆形和直线上进行了测量（光学运动捕捉，100 Hz）。沿着脊柱放置的标记数据表明，胸腰椎背部（左侧圆圈与直线的差异为 3.75°；右侧圆圈为 3.61°）和颈部向内侧（例如，左侧圆圈为左侧弯曲）的侧向弯曲增加（左侧为 5.23°；右侧为 4.80°与直线相比）。在圆圈上的侧向弯曲 ROM 增加（分别增加了 0.87°和 0.62°）。直线-圆圈差异的个体差异明显，但每匹马在多次试验中通常保持一致。圆圈和直线之间的背部运动差异通常较小，可能可见也可能不可见，但伴随的肌肉活动和肢体运动的变化可能会增加视觉印象。
