Rhodin Marie, Egenvall Agneta, Haubro Andersen Pia, Pfau Thilo
Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2017 Apr 25;12(4):e0176253. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176253. eCollection 2017.
Recent studies evaluating horses in training and considered free from lameness by their owners have identified a large proportion of horses with motion asymmetries. However the prevalence, type and magnitude of asymmetries when trotting in a straight line or on the lunge have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to objectively investigate the presence of motion asymmetries in riding horses in training by identifying the side and quantifying the degree and type (impact, pushoff) of forelimb and hind limb asymmetries found during straight line trot and on the lunge. In a cross-sectional study, vertical head and pelvic movement symmetry was measured in 222 Warmblood type riding horses, all without perceived performance issues and considered free from lameness by their owners. Body-mounted uni-axial accelerometers were used and differences between maximum and minimum head (HDmax, HDmin) and pelvic (PDmax, PDmin) vertical displacement between left and right forelimb and hind limb stances were calculated during straight line trot and on the lunge. Previously reported symmetry thresholds were used. The thresholds for symmetry were exceeded in 161 horses for at least one variable while trotting in a straight line, HDmin (n = 58, mean 14.3 mm, SD 7.1), HDmax (n = 41, mean 12.7 mm, SD 5.5), PDmax (n = 87, mean 6.5 mm, SD 3.10), PDmin (n = 79, mean 5.7 mm, SD 2.1). Contralateral and ipsilateral concurrent forelimb and hind limb asymmetries were detected in 41 and 49 horses, respectively. There was a linear association between the straight line PDmin values and the values on the lunge with the lame limb to the inside of the circle. A large proportion (72.5%) of horses in training which were perceived as free from lameness by their owner showed movement asymmetries above previously reported asymmetry thresholds during straight line trot. It is not known to what extent these asymmetries are related to pain or to mechanical abnormalities. Therefore, one of the most important questions that must be addressed is how objective asymmetry scores can be translated into pain, orthopedic abnormality, or any type of unsoundness.
近期对处于训练阶段且其主人认为无跛行的马匹进行的研究发现，很大一部分马匹存在运动不对称的情况。然而，在直线小跑或绕圈运动时不对称的发生率、类型和程度尚未得到研究。本研究的目的是通过确定不对称的一侧，并量化在直线小跑和绕圈运动中发现的前肢和后肢不对称的程度和类型（着地冲击、蹬离），来客观地调查训练中的骑乘马是否存在运动不对称。在一项横断面研究中，对222匹温血类型的骑乘马进行了头部和骨盆垂直运动对称性的测量，所有这些马均无明显的性能问题，且其主人认为它们没有跛行。使用了安装在身体上的单轴加速度计，并计算了直线小跑和绕圈运动期间左、右前肢和后肢站立时头部（HDmax、HDmin）和骨盆（PDmax、PDmin）垂直位移的最大值与最小值之间的差异。采用了先前报道的对称性阈值。在直线小跑时，至少有一个变量超过对称性阈值的马匹有161匹，其中HDmin（n = 58，平均值14.3毫米，标准差7.1）、HDmax（n = 41，平均值12.7毫米，标准差5.5）、PDmax（n = 87，平均值6.5毫米，标准差3.10）、PDmin（n = 79，平均值5.7毫米，标准差2.1）。分别在41匹和49匹马中检测到对侧和同侧同时出现的前肢和后肢不对称。直线PDmin值与圈内侧跛肢的绕圈运动值之间存在线性关联。在训练中，很大一部分（72.5%）被主人认为无跛行的马匹在直线小跑时表现出高于先前报道的不对称阈值的运动不对称。目前尚不清楚这些不对称在多大程度上与疼痛或机械异常有关。因此，必须解决的最重要问题之一是如何将客观的不对称评分转化为疼痛、骨科异常或任何类型的不健康状况。
