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新烟碱类杀虫剂导致美国俄勒冈州威尔逊维尔本地大黄蜂大量死亡:案例研究。

Neonicotinoid Pesticides Cause Mass Fatalities of Native Bumble Bees: A Case Study From Wilsonville, Oregon, United States.

机构信息

The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Portland, OR, USA.

Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

出版信息

Environ Entomol. 2021 Oct 12;50(5):1095-1104. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvab059.

Abstract

In June of 2013 an application of dinotefuran on an ornamental planting of European linden trees (Tilia cordata Mill. [Malvales: Malvalceae]) in a shopping mall parking lot in Wilsonville, Oregon provoked the largest documented pesticide kill of bumble bees in North America. Based on geographic information systems and population genetic analysis, we estimate that between 45,830 and 107,470 bumble bees originating from between 289 and 596 colonies were killed during this event. Dinotefuran is a neonicotinoid that is highly effective in exterminating and/or harming target pest insects and non-target beneficial insects. Analysis to detect the concentration of pesticides in flowers that received foliar application revealed that the minimum reported dinotefuran concentration of a sampled T. cordata flower was 7.4 ppm, or in excess of 737% above the LC50 of the beneficial pollinator, the honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 [Hymenoptera: Apidae]). Furthermore, sampled Vosnesensky bumble bees (Bombus vosnesenskii Radoskowski, 1862 [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) were found to have an average dinotefuran concentration of 0.92 ppm at the time of death, which exceeds the maximum LC50 of A. mellifera (0.884 ppm). Our study underscores the lethal impact of the neonicotinoid pesticide dinotefuran on pollinating insect populations in a suburban environment. To our knowledge, the documentation and impact of pesticide kills on wild populations of beneficial insects has not been widely reported in the scientific literature. It is likely that the vast majority of mass pesticide kills of beneficial insects across other environments go unnoticed and unreported.

摘要

2013 年 6 月,俄勒冈州威尔逊维尔市一家购物中心停车场的观赏性欧洲椴树上应用了呋虫胺,这引发了北美有记录以来最大规模的熊蜂杀虫剂杀灭事件。基于地理信息系统和种群遗传分析,我们估计有 45830 到 107470 只熊蜂死于此次事件,这些熊蜂来自 289 到 596 个蜂群。呋虫胺是一种新烟碱类杀虫剂,能高效杀灭或伤害目标害虫和非靶标有益昆虫。对接受叶面喷施的花朵中农药浓度的分析显示,取样的 Tilia cordata 花朵中报告的最低呋虫胺浓度为 7.4ppm,超过有益传粉者——蜜蜂(Apis mellifera Linnaeus,1758 [膜翅目:蜜蜂科])LC50 的 737%以上。此外,死亡时取样的 Vosnesensky 熊蜂(Bombus vosnesenskii Radoskowski,1862 [膜翅目:蜜蜂科])体内的平均呋虫胺浓度为 0.92ppm,超过蜜蜂的最大 LC50(0.884ppm)。我们的研究强调了新烟碱类杀虫剂呋虫胺对郊区环境中传粉昆虫种群的致命影响。据我们所知,在科学文献中,尚未广泛报道杀虫剂杀灭野生有益昆虫种群的情况和影响。很可能在其他环境中,绝大多数大规模杀灭有益昆虫的事件都没有被注意到和报道。

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