National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.
Contact Dermatitis. 2021 Nov;85(5):523-530. doi: 10.1111/cod.13917. Epub 2021 Jul 7.
Chromium and cobalt are important skin sensitizers. It has, however, been difficult to identify causative exposures. Studies on nickel allergy have demonstrated piercing as critical for both sensitization and elicitation. It may be speculated that the same applies for chromium and cobalt.
To examine the content and release of chromium and cobalt from earrings randomly purchased in Denmark.
Three hundred four earrings were examined with x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. Earrings with measured content of chromium or cobalt were spot tested with diphenylcarbazide spot test (n = 166) or Nitroso-R spot-test (n = 99), respectively. Chromium and cobalt release were quantified in a selected subsample (n = 100) with the artificial sweat test (EN 1811).
Chromium was present in 54.6% (166/304) of earrings and cobalt was present in 72.0% (219/304),- measured by XRF. All chromium spot tests for chromium VI were negative. The cobalt spot test was positive for one component. Chromium release was found from 59/100 (median concentration = -0.06 μg/cm /week) and cobalt release from 29/100 (median concentration = -0.06 μg/cm /week) of earrings in tested subsample.
Earrings for piercing release chromium and cobalt and may on a case basis be a source of chromium and cobalt allergy.
铬和钴是重要的皮肤致敏原。然而，确定其致病接触源一直存在困难。镍过敏研究表明，穿孔对致敏和激发都至关重要。因此，人们推测铬和钴也同样如此。
检测丹麦随机购买的耳环中铬和钴的含量和释放情况。
用 X 射线荧光光谱法（XRF）检测了 304 副耳环。对铬或钴含量有检测结果的耳环，用二苯卡巴肼斑点试验（n=166）或亚硝基-R 斑点试验（n=99）进行了点测试。用人工汗液试验（EN 1811）对选定的子样本（n=100）进行了铬和钴释放的定量检测。
XRF 检测结果显示，54.6%（166/304）的耳环中含有铬，72.0%（219/304）的耳环中含有钴。所有六价铬的铬斑点试验均为阴性。一种成分的钴斑点试验呈阳性。在经过测试的子样本中，有 59/100（中位数浓度=-0.06μg/cm /week）的耳环释放出铬，有 29/100（中位数浓度=-0.06μg/cm /week）的耳环释放出钴。
穿孔耳环会释放铬和钴，可能会成为铬和钴过敏的一个来源。
