Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen/Nürnberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany.
Contact Dermatitis. 2014 Jun;70(6):369-75. doi: 10.1111/cod.12227. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
Contact sensitization to cobalt is common. Some industrial exposures have been identified, but cobalt allergy is also often diagnosed in 'non-occupational' patients. Exposure of consumers is largely unexplained.
To present the analytical results on cobalt release from earrings and piercing jewellery sampled in a German Federal surveillance scheme.
Two German state laboratories analysed cobalt release, after immersion in artificial sweat according to EN 1811, along with nickel release in 87 pieces of jewellery, which were mostly taken apart for separate examination of piercing posts (n = 139), clasps (n = 51), and/or decorative items (n = 52). The distribution of cobalt release was described by the use of Kaplan-Meier analysis, taking into account that the majority of measurements were left-censored, that is, below the limit of quantification.
Thirty-eight of 87 earrings and piercing jewellery items had at least one part releasing cobalt. The median cobalt release was estimated as 0.013 µg/cm(2) /week, and 75% of parts released up to 0.085 µg/cm(2) /week. Release varied somewhat between the three parts, with, for example, 22.1% of posts releasing ≥ 0.2 µg/cm(2) /week.
Cobalt release from earrings and piercing jewellery, in particular from piercing posts, is considerable. Scientifically based exposure limits should be set, as in the case of nickel.
对钴的接触致敏很常见。已经确定了一些工业暴露，但在“非职业”患者中也经常诊断出钴过敏。消费者的暴露在很大程度上仍未得到解释。
介绍德国联邦监测计划中从耳环和穿孔首饰中采集的钴释放的分析结果。
两个德国州实验室根据 EN 1811 对人工汗液中的钴释放以及 87 件首饰中的镍释放进行了分析，这些首饰大部分被拆开，分别检查穿孔柱（n=139）、扣环（n=51）和/或装饰物品（n=52）。使用 Kaplan-Meier 分析描述钴释放的分布，考虑到大多数测量值是左截断的，即低于定量限。
87 件耳环和穿孔首饰中有 38 件至少有一个部件释放钴。钴的中位释放量估计为 0.013µg/cm(2) /周，75%的部件释放量高达 0.085µg/cm(2) /周。三种部件之间的释放量略有差异，例如，22.1%的柱释放量≥0.2µg/cm(2) /周。
耳环和穿孔首饰，特别是穿孔柱，释放的钴相当可观。应像镍一样，制定基于科学的暴露限值。
