Isesele Peter O, Mazurak Vera C
Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Front Physiol. 2021 Jun 3;12:682091. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682091. eCollection 2021.
Skeletal muscle is composed of multinuclear cells called myofibres, which are formed by the fusion of myoblasts during development. The size of the muscle fiber and mass of skeletal muscle are altered in response to several pathological and physiological conditions. Skeletal muscle regeneration is primarily mediated by muscle stem cells called satellite cells (SCs). In response to injury, these SCs replenish myogenic progenitor cells to form new myofibers to repair damaged muscle. During myogenesis, activated SCs proliferate and differentiate to myoblast and then fuse with one another to form muscle fibers. A reduced number of SCs and an inability to undergo myogenesis may contribute to skeletal muscle disorders such as atrophy, cachexia, and sarcopenia. Myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) are transcription factors that regulate myogenesis and determines whether SCs will be in the quiescent, activated, committed, or differentiated state. Mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress play a role in the determination of the fate of SCs. The potential activation and function of SCs are also affected by inflammation during skeletal muscle regeneration. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) show promise to reduce inflammation, maintain muscle mass during aging, and increase the functional capacity of the muscle. The aim of this critical review is to highlight the role of omega-3 PUFAs on the myogenic differentiation of SCs and pathways affected during the differentiation process, including mitochondrial function and inflammation from the current body of literature.
骨骼肌由称为肌纤维的多核细胞组成，这些细胞是在发育过程中由成肌细胞融合形成的。肌纤维的大小和骨骼肌的质量会因多种病理和生理状况而改变。骨骼肌再生主要由称为卫星细胞（SCs）的肌肉干细胞介导。在受到损伤时，这些卫星细胞补充成肌祖细胞以形成新的肌纤维来修复受损肌肉。在肌生成过程中，活化的卫星细胞增殖并分化为成肌细胞，然后相互融合形成肌纤维。卫星细胞数量减少以及无法进行肌生成可能会导致骨骼肌疾病，如萎缩、恶病质和肌肉减少症。肌源性调节因子（MRF）是调节肌生成的转录因子，并决定卫星细胞是处于静止、活化、定向还是分化状态。线粒体氧化磷酸化和氧化应激在卫星细胞命运的决定中起作用。在骨骼肌再生过程中，卫星细胞的潜在活化和功能也受到炎症的影响。ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）有望减轻炎症、在衰老过程中维持肌肉质量并提高肌肉的功能能力。这篇批判性综述的目的是从当前的文献中强调ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸在卫星细胞成肌分化以及分化过程中受影响的途径（包括线粒体功能和炎症）方面的作用。
