Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Acre, Sala de Pesquisadores Visitantes, BR-364, Km 04, Campus Universitário, Rio Branco, AC 69915-900, Brazil.
Arby 151, SE-388 94 Vassmolösa, Sweden.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Oct 20;792:148071. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148071. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
Ecological communities are structured by several mechanisms, including temporal, spatial and environmental factors. However, the simultaneous effects of these factors have rarely been studied. Here, we investigated their role on water beetle assemblages sampled over a period of 18 years. Water beetles were sampled in the spring of each year in lotic and lentic water bodies from mainland region of Kalmar and Öland Island in southeastern Sweden. We assessed how past assemblage structure, environmental factors and spatial variables correlated with current assemblage structure using a variation partitioning approach. We also tested for correlates of temporal beta diversity of water beetle assemblages with multiple regressions. We found that past water beetle assemblage structure explained current water beetle assemblage structure better than the environmental and spatial correlates. We also observed that temporal beta diversity of water beetle assemblages was mainly due to species gain rather than to species loss. Finally, environmental variables (e.g., hydroperiod, habitat size and hydrology) and timespan between sampling events explained part of temporal beta diversity and contribution of species loss to total assemblage dissimilarity variation. Despite the fact that most variation remained unexplained, we found that ecological factors that have been thought to be important for water beetle richness and abundance in past studies (e.g. water body size, water permanence, shore slope, and whether the water body is lentic or lotic) were also correlated to temporal beta diversity. From a conservation point of view, our study suggest that temporal variability of assemblage structure should be included in biological monitoring because of its potential to predict current assemblage structure.
生态群落由多种机制构成，包括时间、空间和环境因素。然而，这些因素的综合影响很少被研究过。在这里，我们调查了它们在过去 18 年期间对流水和静水水体中采集的水生甲虫组合的作用。每年春季，我们在瑞典东南部卡尔马和厄兰岛大陆地区的流水和静水水体中采集水生甲虫。我们使用方差分解方法评估过去的组合结构、环境因素和空间变量与当前组合结构的相关性。我们还通过多元回归测试了水生甲虫组合时间 beta 多样性的相关因素。我们发现，过去的水生甲虫组合结构比环境和空间相关性更好地解释了当前的水生甲虫组合结构。我们还观察到，水生甲虫组合的时间 beta 多样性主要是由于物种的获得而不是物种的丧失。最后，环境变量（如水文期、栖息地大小和水文学）和采样事件之间的时间跨度解释了部分时间 beta 多样性以及物种丧失对总组合差异变化的贡献。尽管大多数变异仍然无法解释，但我们发现过去研究中认为对水生甲虫丰富度和丰度很重要的生态因素（例如水体大小、水的稳定性、岸坡和水体是静水还是流水）也与时间 beta 多样性相关。从保护的角度来看，我们的研究表明，由于其预测当前组合结构的潜力，组合结构的时间可变性应该被纳入生物监测中。
