Mátray Silvia, Herz Annette
Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstr. 243, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany.
Bull Entomol Res. 2021 Dec;111(6):726-732. doi: 10.1017/S0007485321000468. Epub 2021 Jun 22.
The introduction of flowering plants into orchards can increase functional biodiversity in pome fruit cultivation. Plants provide nectar, pollen and prey resources supporting pollinators and natural enemies. However, pests may also benefit from floral diets and a careful selection of plants is necessary to reduce any risk of pest proliferation. The codling moth is a major pest in apple growing worldwide and adults are known to consume sugars. The impact of floral diets (parsnip, wild carrot, coriander, red clover) on longevity, fecundity and fertility of adult codling moth was examined under laboratory conditions. In general, male moths lived longer than females, regardless of dietary treatments. Moths survived longest when supplied with parsnip flowers as a floral diet. Contrary to carrot, coriander resulted in higher longevity of adult compared to moths provided with red clover as a negative control. Adult nutrition on floral diets did not affect fecundity substantially. As expected, the majority of eggs were laid within the first week. Prolongation of moths' lifespan by floral diets did not significantly increase the total number of eggs laid in contrast to a diet with 25% sucrose solution. According to these results, the risk of inadvertently promoting codling moth when growing selected flowering plants in the orchard will be rather low, because the fitness of the moths and especially the reproduction of the females will not be substantially enhanced.
将开花植物引入果园可以增加仁果类水果种植中的功能生物多样性。植物提供花蜜、花粉和猎物资源，为传粉者和天敌提供支持。然而，害虫也可能从花蜜食物中获益，因此需要谨慎选择植物，以降低害虫繁殖的风险。苹果蠹蛾是全球苹果种植中的主要害虫，已知其成虫会取食糖类。在实验室条件下，研究了花蜜食物（欧洲防风草、野胡萝卜、香菜、红三叶草）对苹果蠹蛾成虫寿命、繁殖力和生育力的影响。总体而言，无论饮食处理如何，雄蛾的寿命都比雌蛾长。以欧洲防风草花作为花蜜食物时，蛾类存活时间最长。与胡萝卜相反，与以红三叶草作为阴性对照的蛾类相比，香菜能使成虫寿命更长。花蜜食物对成虫营养状况的影响不大。正如预期的那样，大多数卵在第一周内产下。与25%蔗糖溶液饮食相比，花蜜食物延长蛾类寿命并没有显著增加产卵总数。根据这些结果，在果园种植选定的开花植物时，无意中促进苹果蠹蛾繁殖的风险相当低，因为蛾类的健康状况，尤其是雌蛾的繁殖能力不会得到显著提高。
