Mathijssen J J P, Rozema A D, Hiemstra M, Jansen M W J, van Oers J A M
Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department Tranzo, Tilburg University, the Netherlands.
Academic Collaborative Centre for Public Health Limburg, Public Health Service South Limburg (GGD ZL), Heerlen, the Netherlands.
Addict Behav Rep. 2021 Jun 4;14:100360. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100360. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Adolescents show a steadily increasing inclination toward health risk behaviors, including smoking cigarettes. There is ample evidence that personality traits are related to smoking behavior. However, less is known about the stability of and change in these personality traits during early adolescence and whether smoking behavior affects the developmental trajectories. Moreover, less is known about the influence of gender on the course of personality.
Longitudinal data of three waves were used from 1121 early adolescents. To measure personality, the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale was used. Individual growth curve models were conducted to measure the stability, mean-level change and individual differences in change for personality.
Stability of personality was moderate for boys and ranged from moderate to high for girls. On average early adolescents became more impulsive and more sensation seeking over a period of 18 months. Furthermore, hopelessness for girls increased and the increase in sensation seeking was higher for girls than for boys. Third, smoking behavior was related to all personality traits, indicating that smoking adolescents are more anxious, hopeless, impulsive and sensation seeking than non-smoking adolescents.
Our results are in line with the disruption hypothesis, i.e., during early adolescence there is a dip in personality maturity. There are clear differences between girls and boys in stability of and change in personality traits. Besides, although smoking behavior is related to personality, the change in personality is probably related to other variables.
青少年对健康风险行为（包括吸烟）的倾向在稳步增加。有充分证据表明人格特质与吸烟行为有关。然而，对于这些人格特质在青春期早期的稳定性和变化以及吸烟行为是否会影响其发展轨迹，我们了解得较少。此外，关于性别对人格发展过程的影响，我们也知之甚少。
使用了来自1121名青少年早期的三波纵向数据。为测量人格，使用了物质使用风险概况量表。采用个体生长曲线模型来测量人格的稳定性、平均水平变化和变化中的个体差异。
男孩的人格稳定性中等，女孩的人格稳定性从中等到高不等。平均而言，青少年在18个月的时间里变得更加冲动，更爱寻求刺激。此外，女孩的绝望感增加，且女孩寻求刺激的增加幅度高于男孩。第三，吸烟行为与所有人格特质都有关，这表明吸烟的青少年比不吸烟的青少年更焦虑、更绝望、更冲动且更爱寻求刺激。
我们的结果与破坏假说一致，即在青春期早期人格成熟度会出现下降。男孩和女孩在人格特质的稳定性和变化方面存在明显差异。此外，虽然吸烟行为与人格有关，但人格的变化可能与其他变量有关。
