Grummitt Lucinda, Barrett Emma, Kelly Erin V, Stapinski Lexine, Newton Nicola
The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2022 Mar 25;12(4):90. doi: 10.3390/bs12040090.
Traumatic events (severe injury, violence, threatened death) are commonly experienced by children. Such events are associated with a dose-response increasing risk of subsequent substance use, mental illness, chronic disease, and premature mortality. Preventing the accumulation of traumatic events is thus an urgent public health priority. Substance use risk personality profiles (impulsivity, sensation seeking, hopelessness, and anxiety sensitivity) may be an important target for preventing trauma exposure, given associations between these personality traits and risky behaviour, substance misuse, and injuries across adolescence. The current study aimed to investigate associations between personality at age 13 and the number of traumatic events experienced by age 18. It also examined associations between traumas before age 13 and personality at age 13. Participants were the control group of a cluster-randomised controlled trial examining prevention of adolescent alcohol misuse. Baseline data were collected at ages 12-13 (2012). Participants were followed-up at ages 18-19 (2017-2018). Personality profiles of hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, and sensation seeking were measured at baseline using the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale. Traumatic events and age of exposure were measured at age 18-19 using the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5. Mixed-effect regression was conducted on 287 participants in Stata 17, controlling for sex. High scores on hopelessness, impulsivity, and sensation seeking at age 13 were associated with a greater number of traumatic events by age 18. Impulsivity and sensation seeking predicted the number of new traumatic events from age 13 to 18. Prior trauma exposure was associated with high hopelessness at age 13. Adolescents exhibiting high impulsivity or sensation seeking may be at greater risk of experiencing traumatic events. Additionally, early trauma exposure may contribute to the development of a hopelessness personality trait.
创伤性事件（严重伤害、暴力、濒死威胁）在儿童中很常见。此类事件与后续物质使用、精神疾病、慢性病和过早死亡风险的剂量反应增加有关。因此，预防创伤性事件的累积是一项紧迫的公共卫生重点工作。鉴于这些人格特质与青少年时期的危险行为、物质滥用和伤害之间存在关联，物质使用风险人格特征（冲动性、寻求刺激、绝望感和焦虑敏感性）可能是预防创伤暴露的一个重要目标。本研究旨在调查13岁时的人格与18岁时经历的创伤性事件数量之间的关联。研究还考察了13岁之前的创伤与13岁时的人格之间的关联。参与者是一项检验青少年酒精滥用预防措施的整群随机对照试验的对照组。在12 - 13岁（2012年）收集基线数据。在18 - 19岁（2017 - 2018年）对参与者进行随访。使用物质使用风险概况量表在基线时测量绝望感、焦虑敏感性、冲动性和寻求刺激的人格特征。在18 - 19岁时使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版生活事件清单测量创伤性事件及暴露年龄。在Stata 17软件中对287名参与者进行了混合效应回归分析，并对性别进行了控制。13岁时绝望感、冲动性和寻求刺激得分高与18岁时更多的创伤性事件相关。冲动性和寻求刺激预测了13岁至18岁新发生的创伤性事件数量。先前的创伤暴露与13岁时的高绝望感相关。表现出高冲动性或寻求刺激的青少年可能经历创伤性事件的风险更大。此外，早期创伤暴露可能有助于绝望感人格特质的形成。
