Getaneh Mekonen Enyew, Kassie Tesema Ayenew, Shetie Workneh Belayneh, Wolde Maereg, Yigzaw Muluneh Niguse
University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Department of Surgical Nursing, Gondar, Ethiopia.
University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2021 Jun 4;7(6):e07212. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07212. eCollection 2021 Jun.
The cause of schizophrenia could be a genetic predisposition, environment, viral infections, exposure to poison substances, living in a highly-populated area, and prenatal exposure to hunger mainly in the first three months. Evidence showed that the perceived cause of schizophrenia is supernatural, biological, spiritual, and social causes. Studies in Ethiopia showed that most of the general population perceived the causes of schizophrenia as traditional and the help they seek ranges to medical, religious, and social.
This study aimed to assess perceived cause and determinants of help-seeking behavior of schizophrenia among Gondar Zuria district residents, 2020.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 3 to 25, 2020. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select 435 study participants. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview, entered into EPI DATA version 3, and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors significantly associated with help-seeking behavior for schizophrenia. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval.
Nearly two-thirds (63.8%), the majority (90.8%), and more than half (52.5%) of the participants seek medical, religious, and social help for schizophrenia respectively. Being student (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.44, 8.15), unemployed (AOR = 4.87; 95% CI: 1.4, 16.40), perceived biological cause (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.89), perceived religious cause (AOR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.80), and perceived social cause (AOR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.29, 3.25) were significantly associated with medical help seeking. Attending primary school (AOR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.76), employed (AOR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.64), perceived religious cause (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.06, 5.11) were significantly associated with religious help. Being in the age group of 18-24 years (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.33, 9.18) and 25-44 years (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.68) were significantly associated with social intervention.
Nearly two-thirds, the majority, and more than half of the respondents seek medical, religious, and social help for schizophrenia respectively. Being student, unemployed, perceived biological case, and perceived social cause increases the odds of seeking medical help while perceived religious cause decreases it. Being unemployed, attending primary school decreases the odds of seeking religious help whereas perceived religious cause increases it. Young adults have higher odds of social help-seeking behavior. It is better to create awareness for the community and consider integrating religious and social interventions into medical interventions.
精神分裂症的病因可能是遗传易感性、环境、病毒感染、接触有毒物质、生活在人口密集地区以及产前尤其是头三个月暴露于饥饿环境。有证据表明，人们认为精神分裂症的病因是超自然、生物学、精神和社会方面的。埃塞俄比亚的研究表明，大多数普通民众认为精神分裂症的病因是传统因素，他们寻求的帮助涵盖医疗、宗教和社会等方面。
本研究旨在评估2020年贡德尔祖里亚地区居民对精神分裂症病因的认知以及寻求帮助行为的决定因素。
于2020年12月3日至25日开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用简单随机抽样技术选取435名研究参与者。通过面对面访谈收集数据，录入EPI DATA 3版本，并使用SPSS 21版本进行分析。采用双变量和多变量二元逻辑回归分析来确定与精神分裂症寻求帮助行为显著相关的因素。当p值<0.05且置信区间为95%时，宣布具有统计学意义。
近三分之二（63.8%）、大多数（90.8%）以及超过一半（52.5%）的参与者分别为精神分裂症寻求医疗、宗教和社会帮助。学生身份（比值比[AOR]=3.43；95%置信区间：1.44，8.15）、失业（AOR = 4.87；95%置信区间：1.4，16.40）、认为是生物学病因（AOR = 1.7；95%置信区间：1.01，2.89）、认为是宗教病因（AOR = 0.48；95%置信区间：0.29，0.80）以及认为是社会病因（AOR = 2.05；95%置信区间：1.29，3.25）与寻求医疗帮助显著相关。小学学历（AOR = 0.17；95%置信区间：0.04，0.76）、就业（AOR = 0.12；95%置信区间：0.02，0.64）、认为是宗教病因（AOR = 2.34；95%置信区间：1.06，5.11）与寻求宗教帮助显著相关。年龄在18 - 24岁（AOR = 3.5；95%置信区间：1.33，9.18）和25 - 44岁（AOR = 1.94；95%置信区间：1.03，3.68）与寻求社会干预显著相关。
近三分之二、大多数以及超过一半的受访者分别为精神分裂症寻求医疗、宗教和社会帮助。学生身份、失业、认为是生物学病因以及认为是社会病因会增加寻求医疗帮助的几率，而认为是宗教病因则会降低这一几率。失业、小学学历会降低寻求宗教帮助的几率，而认为是宗教病因则会增加这一几率。年轻人寻求社会帮助行为的几率更高。最好提高社区的认知，并考虑将宗教和社会干预纳入医疗干预之中。
