Li Xin Yi, Liu Qian, Chen Pan, Ruan Juan, Gong Xuan, Luo Dan, Zhou Yang, Yin Cong, Wang Xiao Qin, Liu Lianzhong, Yang Bing Xiang
School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Feb 24;13:801231. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.801231. eCollection 2022.
A low intention of professional help seeking hinders the effective treatment of depression. The factors are from the perspectives of the social, family, and individual; however, an understanding of how they interact to predict professional help-seeking intention (PHSI) is not clear.
The objectives of the study was to investigate PHSI toward depression in a Chinese community-dwelling population and construct a predictive model of the PHSI to explore the various factors involved.
Stratified random sampling and Kish table methods were used to identify 2,000 community residents. Participants completed a series of questionnaires to measure general characteristics, PHSI, professional help-seeking attitude, depression stigma, depression knowledge, family function, and depression symptoms. Analyses included descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS 26.0 and a Structural Equation Model using Amos 22.0.
The score of the PHSI was 14.92 ± 9.574. Professional help-seeking attitude ( = 0.291, < 0.001) and depression knowledge ( = 0.077, = 0.002) were positively related to PHSI, while a negative correlation was found between stigma ( = -0.149, < 0.001) and PHSI. The model of the PHSI indicated a good fit with a CMIN/DF = 2.740 and RESEA = 0.032. The total effect of the influencing factors on the PHSI was listed in the following order: professional help-seeking attitude (0.676) > stigma (-0.143) > depression knowledge (0.088) > depression symptoms (-0.009) > family function (0.005). The total effect of depression knowledge on PHSI included a direct negative effect (Beta = -0.266, < 0.001) and an indirect positive effect (0.354) through professional help-seeking attitude and stigma. Also, depression knowledge was negatively associated with stigma (Beta = -0.153, < 0.001). Depression symptoms were negatively associated with family function (Beta = -0.282, < 0.001), depression knowledge (Beta = -0.252, < 0.001), and stigma (Beta = -0.102, < 0.001), indicating that people with less severe depression symptoms had good family function, depression knowledge, and higher stigma. Family function contributed a positive effect on depression knowledge directly (Beta = 0.145, < 0.001) and a totally positive effect (0.033) on stigma.
The PHSI toward depression is low among Chinese community residents. Professional help-seeking attitude, depression knowledge, and family functioning were facilitators of PHSI, and stigma and the severity of depression symptoms were barriers to PHSI. This study provides reference for the development of policies and guidelines to promote community residents to actively seek professional mental health help. Future policies can focus on multicollaboration among the government, mental health services, and families to increase the mental health resources, improve family functioning, enhance mental health literacy (MHL) of the public, and reduce depression stigma to ease the burden of this mental health issue.
寻求专业帮助的意愿较低阻碍了抑郁症的有效治疗。这些因素来自社会、家庭和个人层面；然而，对于它们如何相互作用以预测专业帮助寻求意愿（PHSI）尚不清楚。
本研究旨在调查中国社区居民对抑郁症的PHSI，并构建PHSI的预测模型，以探索其中涉及的各种因素。
采用分层随机抽样和基什表法选取2000名社区居民。参与者完成了一系列问卷，以测量一般特征、PHSI、寻求专业帮助的态度、抑郁症污名、抑郁症知识、家庭功能和抑郁症状。分析包括使用SPSS 26.0进行描述性统计和Pearson相关分析，以及使用Amos 22.0进行结构方程模型分析。
PHSI得分为14.92±9.574。寻求专业帮助的态度（=0.291，<0.001）和抑郁症知识（=0.077，=0.002）与PHSI呈正相关，而污名（=-0.149，<0.001）与PHSI呈负相关。PHSI模型显示拟合良好，CMIN/DF=2.740，RESEA=0.032。影响因素对PHSI的总效应按以下顺序排列：寻求专业帮助的态度（0.676）>污名（-0.143）>抑郁症知识（0.088）>抑郁症状（-0.009）>家庭功能（0.005）。抑郁症知识对PHSI的总效应包括直接负效应（Beta=-0.266，<0.001）和通过寻求专业帮助的态度和污名产生的间接正效应（0.354）。此外，抑郁症知识与污名呈负相关（Beta=-0.153，<0.001）。抑郁症状与家庭功能（Beta=-0.282，<0.001）、抑郁症知识（Beta=-0.252，<0.001）和污名（Beta=-0.102，<0.001）呈负相关，表明抑郁症状较轻的人家庭功能良好、抑郁症知识丰富且污名较高。家庭功能直接对抑郁症知识产生积极影响（Beta=0.145，<0.001），对污名产生总体积极影响（0.033）。
中国社区居民对抑郁症的PHSI较低。寻求专业帮助的态度、抑郁症知识和家庭功能是PHSI的促进因素，而污名和抑郁症状的严重程度是PHSI的障碍。本研究为制定政策和指南以促进社区居民积极寻求专业心理健康帮助提供了参考。未来的政策可以侧重于政府、心理健康服务机构和家庭之间的多协作，以增加心理健康资源、改善家庭功能、提高公众的心理健康素养（MHL）并减少抑郁症污名，从而减轻这一心理健康问题的负担。
