Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, PA, USA.
Addiction. 2021 Dec;116(12):3408-3421. doi: 10.1111/add.15623. Epub 2021 Jul 5.
To inform the development of effective night-time preventive interventions, our goal was to assess adolescents' residence (i.e. being at) and transitions across contexts during evening hours and risks for drinking and drinking-related problems in relation to contexts and to these transitions.
Ecological momentary assessment and survey methods.
Twelve mid-sized cities (50 000-500 000 population) in California, USA from December 2014 to September 2015.
A total of 153 adolescents (mean age = 16.4, 46.2% female).
Initial conditions (e.g. past-year heavy drinking, gender, best friend's approval of drinking); adolescents' residence (i.e. being at) and transitions between (a) their own homes, (b) others' homes and (c) public spaces (e.g. restaurants, parks, concert venues) at early, middle and late evening hours; drinking in these contexts at early, middle and late evening hours; and drinking-related problems across evening hours.
Risks for drinking were 23.5 times greater in others' homes (P < 0.01) and somewhat less in public spaces [odds ratio (OR) = 6.01, P < 0.01], compared with own home. Risks for problems in any evening time were elevated in relation to being in others' homes (OR = 2.37, P < 0.05) and public spaces (OR = 2.71, P < 0.01) versus at own home. Drinking in others' homes was related to 5.9 times increase in odds of transitioning back to own home (OR = 5.93, P < 0.05), 11.9 times increase in odds of remaining in others' homes (OR = 11.86, P < 0.01) or 7.3 times increase in odds of transitioning from others' homes to public spaces (OR = 7.3, P < 0.05). Initial conditions were associated with being in states, drinking and problems during evening hours and transitions across states.
In California, adolescents who are older, female, Hispanic or have greater spending money may be more likely to be outside their own home during evening hours than adolescents who do not match those criteria. In turn, being outside one's home during evening hours appears to be related to greater risks for drinking and drinking-related problems. Finally, transitions between contexts increased differential risks for drinking such that, for example, drinking in others' homes was highly related to transitioning to public spaces and less to returning to own home.
为了制定有效的夜间预防干预措施，我们的目标是评估青少年在晚上的居住（即在）和在不同环境之间的转移情况，以及与环境和这些转移相关的饮酒和与饮酒相关的问题的风险。
生态瞬间评估和调查方法。
美国加利福尼亚州 12 个中等城市（人口 50000-500000 人），时间为 2014 年 12 月至 2015 年 9 月。
共 153 名青少年（平均年龄 16.4 岁，女性占 46.2%）。
初始条件（如过去一年的重度饮酒、性别、最好的朋友对饮酒的认可）；青少年在傍晚时分（a）自己的家、（b）他人的家和（c）公共空间（如餐馆、公园、音乐会场地）的居住（即在）和转移；在傍晚时分，青少年在这些环境中饮酒的情况；以及整个晚上与饮酒相关的问题。
与自己的家相比，在他人的家和公共场所（餐馆、公园、音乐会场地）饮酒的风险分别高出 23.5 倍（P<0.01）和 6.01 倍（P<0.01）。在任何晚上，与在自己家相比，在他人家或公共场所的风险更高。在他人家或公共场所饮酒与回到自己家的可能性增加 5.9 倍（OR=5.93，P<0.05）、留在他人家的可能性增加 11.9 倍（OR=11.86，P<0.01）或从他人家转移到公共场所的可能性增加 7.3 倍（OR=7.3，P<0.05）有关。初始条件与青少年在傍晚时分所处的状态、饮酒和问题以及在状态之间的转移有关。
在加利福尼亚州，年龄较大、女性、西班牙裔或零花钱较多的青少年在晚上外出的可能性高于不符合这些标准的青少年。相反，晚上不在自己家似乎与更大的饮酒和与饮酒相关的问题的风险有关。最后，在不同环境之间的转移增加了饮酒的差异风险，例如，在他人家饮酒与转移到公共场所高度相关，而与返回自己家的关系较小。
