Self-assembly of apoferritin from horse spleen after reversible chemical modification with 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride.

Apoferritin from horse spleen is composed of 24 subunits that undergo partial dissociation after chemical modification with 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMMA), yielding dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric intermediates, stable at pH 8.5 and 0 degrees C. Deacylation at neutral pH and elevated temperature provides a means to initiate reassembly by appropriate shifts of the solvent conditions. In order to monitor the pathway of self-assembly, starting from different intermediates of dissociation, dimers, trimers, and tetramers were isolated and investigated with respect to their capacity to accomplish reassociation. Intrinsic protein fluorescence, gel permeation chromatography, and analytical ultracentrifugation were applied to characterize the intermediate and final stages of association. The assembly of both the dimer and trimer yields greater than 85% of the native tetracosamer; the overall rate, starting from the dimer, exceeds the one starting from the trimer. Under comparable conditions, the tetramer exhibits only partial reassociation via the dimer and monomer; the corresponding dissociation reaction determines the observed slower rate. Significant assembly intermediates are "structured monomers", dimers, trimers, and dodecamers. Polymerization of the dimer via the tetramer, octamer, etc., does not occur on the pathway of assembly. The results confirm the assembly scheme proposed previously on the basis of cross-linking and spectroscopic experiments [Gerl, M., & Jaenicke, R. (1987) Eur. Biophys. J. 15, 103-109]. Comparison of structural models involving the different subunit interactions responsible for the sequential association supports the monomer----dimer----trimer----hexamer----dodecamer----tetracosamer mechanism of apoferritin self-assembly.