Sun Xin, Sun Yao, Li Yao, Wu Qiong, Wang Lei
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China.
Front Nutr. 2021 Jun 7;8:678421. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.678421. eCollection 2021.
Hemp ( L.) seed is emerging as a novel source of plant protein owing to its rich protein content and reasonable nutritional structure. In the current study, the storage proteins of hemp seed were extracted using different methods. The modified Osborne method yielded maximum extraction of the hemp seed storage proteins, while degreasing had little effect on the hemp seed protein (HSP) extraction. Protein identification results revealed that 11S globulin (edestin) was the most abundant protein in hemp seed, and the molecular weights of the two subunits of this protein were ~35 and 20 kDa, respectively. The second most abundant protein was 2S albumin (Cs2S), with a molecular weight of ~14-15 kDa. The least abundant protein was 7S vicilin-like protein (Cs7S), with a molecular weight of ~47 kDa. Subsequently, gene families encoding these three storage protein classes, including three genes for edestin, two for Cs2S, and one for Cs7S, were cloned and then analyzed for amino acid composition and structure. The three edestins were different in their amino acid sequences and calculated molecular weights. The analysis of coding sequences revealed a higher percentage of similarity (62.7%) between and , while the similarity decreased significantly to ~57% between and , and 58% between and . The calculated protein molecular weight was the highest for the protein encoded by and the smallest for the protein encoded by . All three edestins were rich in arginine, while Edestin3 had a higher methionine content relative to that in the other two, which proved that Edestin3 had a better nutritional value. Cs2S and Cs7S were different from those reported in previous studies. Therefore, it could be inferred that amino acid composition varies with different hemp cultivars. The current research brought significant theoretical advance in illuminating the understanding of hemp seed storage protein and would have significance for future research on improving the nutritional quality of hemp seed and developing bioactive peptides.
大麻（L.）种子因其丰富的蛋白质含量和合理的营养结构，正成为一种新型植物蛋白来源。在本研究中，采用不同方法提取了大麻种子的贮藏蛋白。改良的奥斯本方法能最大程度地提取大麻种子贮藏蛋白，而去脂对大麻种子蛋白（HSP）提取影响不大。蛋白质鉴定结果表明，11S球蛋白（麻仁球蛋白）是大麻种子中含量最丰富的蛋白质，该蛋白两个亚基的分子量分别约为35 kDa和20 kDa。含量第二丰富的蛋白质是2S白蛋白（Cs2S），分子量约为14 - 15 kDa。含量最少的蛋白质是7S类豌豆球蛋白（Cs7S），分子量约为47 kDa。随后，克隆了编码这三类贮藏蛋白的基因家族，包括三个麻仁球蛋白基因、两个Cs2S基因和一个Cs7S基因，然后对其氨基酸组成和结构进行分析。这三种麻仁球蛋白的氨基酸序列和计算出的分子量各不相同。编码序列分析显示，和之间的相似性百分比更高（62.7%），而和之间的相似性显著下降至约57%，和之间为58%。计算出的蛋白质分子量以编码的蛋白质最高，编码的蛋白质最小。所有三种麻仁球蛋白都富含精氨酸，而麻仁球蛋白3的蛋氨酸含量相对于其他两种更高，这证明麻仁球蛋白3具有更好的营养价值。Cs2S和Cs7S与先前研究报道的不同。因此，可以推断氨基酸组成因大麻品种而异。当前的研究在阐明对大麻种子贮藏蛋白的理解方面取得了重大理论进展，对未来提高大麻种子营养品质和开发生物活性肽的研究具有重要意义。
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