在全球大流行期间，哪些因素推动了预防保健行为？情绪和担忧。
What Drives Preventive Health Behavior During a Global Pandemic? Emotion and Worry.
机构信息
Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
出版信息
Ann Behav Med. 2021 Jul 22;55(8):791-804. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaab048.
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE: Primary prevention of COVID-19 has focused on encouraging compliance with specific behaviors that restrict contagion. This investigation sought to characterize engagement in these behaviors in U.S. adults early during the pandemic and to build explanatory models of the psychological processes that drive them.
METHODS
US adults were recruited through Qualtrics Research Panels (N = 324; 55% female; Mage = 50.91, SD = 15.98) and completed 10 days of online reports of emotion, COVID-19 perceived susceptibility and worry, and recommended behaviors (social distancing, hand washing, etc.). Factor analysis revealed behaviors loaded on two factors suggesting distinct motivational orientations: approach and avoidance.
RESULTS
Changes in approach and avoidance behaviors over the 10 days indicated large individual differences consistent with three types of participants. Discrete emotions, including fear, guilt/shame, and happiness were associated with more recommended behaviors. Fear and COVID-19 worry indirectly influenced each other to facilitate more behavioral engagement. While emotions and worry strongly predicted individual differences in behavior across the 10 days, they did not predict as well why behaviors occurred on one day versus another.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest how daily affective processes motivate behavior, improving the understanding of compliance and efforts to target behaviors as primary prevention of disease.
背景与目的
新冠疫情的一级预防主要集中在鼓励遵守限制感染的具体行为上。本研究旨在描述美国成年人在疫情早期对这些行为的参与情况，并构建驱动这些行为的心理过程的解释模型。
方法
通过 Qualtrics 研究小组（N=324；55%为女性；平均年龄=50.91，标准差=15.98）招募美国成年人，并在 10 天内完成在线情绪、新冠病毒感染的感知易感性和担忧，以及推荐行为（社交距离、勤洗手等）的报告。因素分析揭示了两种行为模式，表明存在两种不同的动机取向：趋近和回避。
结果
10 天内趋近和回避行为的变化表明，参与者之间存在很大的个体差异，与三种类型的参与者一致。离散情绪，包括恐惧、内疚/羞耻和快乐，与更多推荐行为相关。恐惧和新冠病毒感染担忧通过间接影响彼此，促进更多的行为参与。虽然情绪和担忧在整个 10 天内强烈预测了行为的个体差异，但它们并不能很好地预测为什么行为在某一天而不是另一天发生。
结论
这些发现表明，日常情感过程如何激发行为，从而提高对行为的遵从性的理解，并努力将行为作为疾病的一级预防。
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