Hill Linda, Baird Sara, Torres Katy, Obrochta Chelsea, Jain Purva
Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, California.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2021;22(sup1):S27-S31. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1935905. Epub 2021 Jun 24.
The purpose of this study was to identify, characterize and compare attitudes, beliefs, behaviors and other factors related to electronic device (ED) use and distracted driving (DD) among taxi and app-based drivers.
A survey among drivers in San Diego and across the United States was used to collect self-reported attitudes and behaviors among taxi and app-based passenger-carrying drivers from October 1, 2016 to January 31, 2017. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used to assess the difference between sociodemographics, ED use, ED use attitudes, and citation and crash history by driver type. Prevalence ratios were assessed for differences in ED use and ED use attitudes by driver type using Poisson regression models with robust error variance and a log link function. The final models adjusted for age, sex, level of experience, education and English fluency. All analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4.
Of the 175 drivers that met eligibility criteria, 131 reported driving for app-based services and 44 identified as taxi drivers. Compared to taxi drivers, app-based drivers were more likely to be female, native English speaking, and have fewer than 3 years of experience in the transportation business. All drivers reported at least one type of DD while the car was in motion. App-based drivers were significantly more likely to use a smartphone while driving (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR): 1.42), report that while driving it is safe or very safe to accept a call (APR: 1.73), receive/respond to a passenger request (APR: 3.40), or process a payment (APR: 5.39). Taxi drivers were more likely to either receive a citation for ED use (31.8% v 7.6%, < 0.001) or be in a collision while using ED (29.6% v 4.6%, < 0.001). Almost all drivers who received a citation or who were involved in a crash reported becoming somewhat or significantly more cautious about using ED while driving.
Drivers in the small passenger-carrying transportation industry engage in DD frequently due to occupational demands. Given the known increased crash risk with DD, effective policies and interventions for app-based and taxi drivers are needed.
本研究旨在识别、描述和比较出租车司机和基于应用程序的司机在电子设备使用和分心驾驶方面的态度、信念、行为及其他相关因素。
2016年10月1日至2017年1月31日期间，对圣地亚哥及美国各地的司机进行了一项调查，以收集出租车司机和基于应用程序的载客司机自我报告的态度和行为。使用卡方检验或费舍尔精确检验来评估不同司机类型在社会人口统计学、电子设备使用、电子设备使用态度以及被开罚单和事故历史方面的差异。使用具有稳健误差方差和对数链接函数的泊松回归模型评估不同司机类型在电子设备使用和电子设备使用态度方面的患病率比值差异。最终模型对年龄、性别、经验水平、教育程度和英语流利程度进行了调整。所有分析均使用SAS 9.4版本进行。
在符合资格标准的175名司机中，131名报告为基于应用程序的服务开车，44名确定为出租车司机。与出租车司机相比，基于应用程序的司机更可能为女性、以英语为母语，并且在运输行业的经验少于3年。所有司机都报告在车辆行驶时至少有一种分心驾驶行为。基于应用程序的司机在开车时使用智能手机的可能性显著更高（调整后的患病率比值（APR）：1.42），报告在开车时接听电话安全或非常安全的可能性更高（APR：1.73），接收/回复乘客请求的可能性更高（APR：3.40），或处理支付的可能性更高（APR：5.39）。出租车司机因使用电子设备而被开罚单的可能性更高（31.8%对7.6%，P<0.001），或在使用电子设备时发生碰撞的可能性更高（29.6%对4.6%，P<0.001）。几乎所有收到罚单或发生事故的司机都报告在开车时使用电子设备变得更加谨慎或非常谨慎。
小型载客运输行业的司机由于职业需求经常进行分心驾驶。鉴于已知分心驾驶会增加事故风险，需要针对基于应用程序的司机和出租车司机制定有效的政策和干预措施。
