Fielbaum Andrés, Ruiz Felipe, Boccardo Giorgio, Rubio Daniela, Tirachini Alejandro, Rosales-Salas Jorge
Cognitive Robotics Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
Sociology Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Travel Behav Soc. 2023 Apr;31:63-77. doi: 10.1016/j.tbs.2022.11.004. Epub 2022 Nov 11.
Transport workers were among the most affected by the COVID-19 crisis. In several countries, public transport and delivery drivers were considered essential workers during the pandemic, while the demand changed dramatically. In this context, little is known about the actual effects of the pandemic on the lives of drivers, and whether those effects depend on the type and formality of the corresponding job. In this paper, we analyse the impact of the pandemic on the daily jobs of public transport, ride-hailing, and delivery app drivers: we study changes on working time and income, pandemic-related concerns, and deterioration of job satisfaction, through a survey applied to drivers during the first peak of the pandemic in Santiago, Chile. Probit regressions on job satisfaction identify the main COVID-related experiences that explain variations in subjective perceptions. We then discuss the implications for post-pandemic job relationships, drivers' working conditions and urban mobility. We show that the unstable characteristics of app-based jobs sharpened during the pandemic: Public transport drivers have kept their jobs, with a similar income as in the pre-pandemic situation and keep their social security, whereas ride-hailing and delivery app drivers do not have social security. Several ride-hailing drivers lost their jobs without any compensation, while delivery drivers earn less money per hour, are more exhausted, and express the greatest concerns and largest decrease in their job satisfaction. The COVID-19 crisis has emphasized that the sustainability of post-pandemic passenger and delivery on-demand services needs to rely on formal job regulation and worker protection.
运输工人是受新冠疫情危机影响最严重的群体之一。在几个国家，公共交通和送货司机在疫情期间被视为关键岗位人员，然而需求却发生了巨大变化。在这种背景下，对于疫情对司机生活的实际影响，以及这些影响是否取决于相应工作的类型和正规程度，人们知之甚少。在本文中，我们分析了疫情对公共交通、网约车和送货应用程序司机日常工作的影响：我们通过在智利圣地亚哥疫情首个高峰期对司机进行的一项调查，研究了工作时间和收入的变化、与疫情相关的担忧以及工作满意度的下降情况。对工作满意度的概率回归确定了解释主观认知差异的主要与新冠相关的经历。然后我们讨论了疫情后工作关系、司机工作条件和城市交通的影响。我们发现，基于应用程序的工作的不稳定特征在疫情期间更加凸显：公共交通司机保住了工作，收入与疫情前类似，且享有社会保障，而网约车和送货应用程序司机没有社会保障。一些网约车司机失去了工作且没有任何补偿，而送货司机每小时挣得更少，更加疲惫，并且表达了最大的担忧以及工作满意度的最大降幅。新冠疫情危机凸显出，疫情后乘客和按需送货服务的可持续性需要依靠正规的工作监管和工人保护。
