Hassan Moeez, Altaf Nadia, Waqas Muhammad
Pediatrics, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, USA.
Pathology/Hematology, Khyber Medical University, Royal Oak, USA.
Cureus. 2021 May 20;13(5):e15135. doi: 10.7759/cureus.15135.
Pilomatrixoma is a benign and rare neoplasm derived from the cortex of the hair follicle. The head and neck region's involvement is relatively common and occurs in the upper extremity, trunk, and lower extremity in decreasing tendency. It is usually encountered in younger age groups, usually in children and adolescents. Management of the pilomatrixoma involves surgical excision of the mass. A 15-year-old male presented with a history of an isolated left scapular mass. The lesion had appeared two weeks before the presentation. His parents brought him to the emergency department due to continued bleeding from the mass. He denied any pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss, chills, appetite changes, and numbness to the area. Physical examination revealed a bleeding non-tender mass measuring about 2.5 x 3 cm, with the fluctuant inferior surface. Baseline investigations were normal. Cyst, abscess, and neoplasm were the initial differentials. Ultrasound findings were suggestive of neoplasm, and contrast-enhanced MRI was highly suspicious for progressive neoplasm. The surgical team was consulted, and surgical excision of the mass was carried out. Biopsy results confirmed pilomatrixoma. In conclusion, the pre-surgical diagnosis of pilomatrixoma is difficult. Hence, this case report's main objective is to raise awareness among clinicians about this rare diagnosis and its clinical features. Furthermore, our case highlights the need to consider pilomatrixoma in the differentials of the head, neck, and back masses in children and adolescents.
毛母质瘤是一种源自毛囊皮质的良性罕见肿瘤。头颈部受累相对常见,在上肢、躯干和下肢的发生率呈递减趋势。它通常在较年轻的年龄组中出现,多见于儿童和青少年。毛母质瘤的治疗方法是手术切除肿块。一名15岁男性因孤立性左肩胛部肿块前来就诊。该病变在就诊前两周出现。由于肿块持续出血,他的父母带他到了急诊科。他否认该部位有任何疼痛、发热、盗汗、体重减轻、寒战、食欲改变和麻木感。体格检查发现一个约2.5×3厘米的出血性无压痛肿块,其下表面有波动感。基线检查正常。最初的鉴别诊断包括囊肿、脓肿和肿瘤。超声检查结果提示为肿瘤,对比增强磁共振成像高度怀疑为进展性肿瘤。咨询了手术团队并对肿块进行了手术切除。活检结果证实为毛母质瘤。总之,毛母质瘤的术前诊断困难。因此,本病例报告的主要目的是提高临床医生对这种罕见诊断及其临床特征的认识。此外,我们的病例强调在儿童和青少年头、颈和背部肿块的鉴别诊断中需要考虑毛母质瘤。