Julian C G, Bowers P W
Department of Dermatology, Treliske Hospital, Cornwall, United Kingdom.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998 Aug;39(2 Pt 1):191-5. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70073-8.
Pilomatricomas have a wide variety of clinical characteristics and are often misdiagnosed. This can result in extensive surgery for an essentially benign condition.
The purpose of this study was to define the clinical and histologic spectrum of these tumors to aid diagnosis.
Two hundred nine cases were analyzed retrospectively with regard to age at presentation, site, size, and physical appearance.
Pilomatricomas appear at any age, with peak presentation bimodally in the first and sixth decade. Their most common site is the head and neck. Presentation is of a hard nodule, either deeply subcutaneous and invisible or superficial with possible erosion through the skin surface. This may lead to a false diagnosis of malignancy or of an epidermoid cyst. An association with myotonic dystrophy has been confirmed, as is the rare occurrence of malignant transformation.
Careful clinical examination and a high index of suspicion results in an accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and the avoidance of unnecessarily extensive surgery.
毛发瘤具有多种多样的临床特征，常被误诊。这可能导致针对本质上为良性疾病进行广泛手术。
本研究的目的是明确这些肿瘤的临床和组织学特征以辅助诊断。
回顾性分析209例患者的就诊年龄、部位、大小及外观。
毛发瘤可出现在任何年龄，发病高峰呈双峰分布，分别在第一个十年和第六个十年。其最常见部位是头颈部。表现为硬结节，要么位于皮下深层不可见，要么位于浅表且可能侵及皮肤表面。这可能导致误诊为恶性肿瘤或表皮样囊肿。已证实与强直性肌营养不良有关联，恶性转化也罕见。
仔细的临床检查和高度的怀疑指数可实现准确诊断、恰当治疗并避免不必要的广泛手术。
