Schwemmle C, Arens C
Arbeitsbereich Phoniatrie, Pädaudiologie, klinische Audiologie, Universitätsklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland.
HNO. 2022 Jan;70(1):3-13. doi: 10.1007/s00106-021-01072-7. Epub 2021 Jun 25.
Misophonia is a devastating disorder. It is known as an affective sound-processing disorder characterized by the experience of strong negative emotions (e.g., anger, distress) in response to human sounds such as eating/swallowing/breathing. Other sounds produced by humans but not directly by human bodies can also be misophonic triggers (e.g. pen clicking) or environmental sounds (animal sounds/sounds of machines). The type of aversive triggers is individual. The reaction to trigger sounds can depend on many factors, such as assessment of the sound, personal experience, social context or psychological profile. However, there is currently no consensus in defining misophonia. Misophonia is also not yet classified by any official diagnostic system, although it seems to be a separate disorder. There are also associations with other disorders such as activity disorders, tinnitus, hyperacusis, and autism spectrum disorders. In 2013, the first definition criteria were published for the diagnosis of misophonia. Specifically, fMRI showed abnormal activation of the anterior insular cortex (AIC) and other brain areas responsible for the processing and regulation of emotions. To date, no randomized controlled trials evaluating treatments have been published. The use of cognitive and behavioral interventions have been reported as well as external sound systems and sound masking systems as known in the tinnitus retraining therapy. Sufferers try to minimize the trigger sounds by wearing ear plugs or music headphones. Otolaryngologists may also encounter patients with symptoms of misophonia, e.g., when hearing screening is requested or advice should be given on different therapeutic options. This report provides an overview of the current state of knowledge in misophonia and its diagnosis and treatment.
恐音症是一种严重的病症。它被认为是一种情感性声音处理障碍，其特征是对诸如进食/吞咽/呼吸等人类声音产生强烈的负面情绪（如愤怒、苦恼）。人类产生的但并非直接来自人体的其他声音也可能是恐音症的触发因素（如点击钢笔声）或环境声音（动物声音/机器声音）。厌恶触发因素的类型因人而异。对触发声音的反应可能取决于许多因素，如对声音的评估、个人经历、社会背景或心理特征。然而，目前在恐音症的定义上尚未达成共识。尽管恐音症似乎是一种独立的病症，但它尚未被任何官方诊断系统分类。它还与其他病症有关联，如多动障碍、耳鸣、听觉过敏和自闭症谱系障碍。2013年，首次发布了恐音症的诊断标准。具体而言，功能磁共振成像显示前岛叶皮质（AIC）和其他负责情绪处理和调节的脑区存在异常激活。迄今为止，尚未发表评估治疗方法的随机对照试验。据报道，有认知和行为干预措施，以及耳鸣再训练疗法中已知的外部声音系统和声音掩蔽系统。患者试图通过佩戴耳塞或音乐耳机来尽量减少触发声音。耳鼻喉科医生在进行听力筛查或就不同治疗方案提供建议时，也可能会遇到有恐音症症状的患者。本报告概述了恐音症及其诊断和治疗的当前知识状况。
