Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Pediatr Obes. 2021 Dec;16(12):e12828. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12828. Epub 2021 Jun 28.
In the United States, the underlying reasons for racial/ethnic disparities in type 2 diabetes risk remain unclear. However, differences in genetic risk for insulin resistance and peripheral adipose tissue distribution may be contributing factors.
To investigate racial/ethnic differences in associations of genetic risk for insulin resistance with leg fat and insulin sensitivity in a cohort of American children.
Participants were healthy European-American (n = 83), African-American (n = 79) and Hispanic-American (n = 74) children aged 7-12 years. Genetic risk scores were derived from published variants associated with insulin resistance phenotypes in European adults. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was determined from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modelling. Statistical models were adjusted for age, sex, pubertal stage and body composition.
In the combined cohort, risk score was inversely associated with insulin sensitivity (p = 0.033) but not leg fat (p = 0.170). Within Hispanic Americans, risk score was inversely associated with insulin sensitivity (p = 0.027) and leg fat (p = 0.005), while associations were non-significant in European and African Americans (p > 0.200).
The higher type 2 diabetes risk observed among Hispanic Americans may have a genetic basis related to an inability to store lipid in peripheral adipose tissue.
在美国，2 型糖尿病风险的种族/民族差异的根本原因尚不清楚。然而，胰岛素抵抗的遗传风险和外周脂肪组织分布的差异可能是促成因素。
研究遗传易感性与胰岛素抵抗的关联在一个美国儿童队列中与腿部脂肪和胰岛素敏感性的种族/民族差异。
参与者为健康的欧洲裔美国人（n=83）、非裔美国人（n=79）和西班牙裔美国人（n=74），年龄在 7-12 岁之间。遗传风险评分来自于与欧洲成年人胰岛素抵抗表型相关的已发表变体。使用双能 X 射线吸收法评估身体成分。通过频繁采样静脉葡萄糖耐量试验和最小模型确定胰岛素敏感性。统计模型调整了年龄、性别、青春期阶段和身体成分。
在合并队列中，风险评分与胰岛素敏感性呈负相关（p=0.033），但与腿部脂肪无关（p=0.170）。在西班牙裔美国人中，风险评分与胰岛素敏感性（p=0.027）和腿部脂肪（p=0.005）呈负相关，而在欧洲裔和非裔美国人中则无显著相关性（p>0.200）。
西班牙裔美国人中观察到的 2 型糖尿病风险较高可能具有遗传基础，与外周脂肪组织中脂质储存能力丧失有关。
