Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health and Safety, and Environment (HSE), School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Oct 15;287:117643. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117643. Epub 2021 Jun 23.
The solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) at national, provincial and county levels in Iran during 2005-2019 were determined based on Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) dataset. The temporal (annual and monthly) trends and spatial distributions of the UVR in terms of erythemally weighted daily dose (EDD), erythemally weighted irradiance at local solar noon time (EDR), and UV index and the major factors influencing the spatiotemporal trends were analyzed. The population-weighted average values of EDD, EDR, and UV index in Iran were respectively 3631 J/m, 176.3 mW/m, 7.1 in 2005 and rose by 0.22% per year to 3744 J/m, 181.7 mW/m, and 7.3, respectively in 2019, but the annual trend was not statistically significant. The EDD in Iran during the study period exhibited the highest monthly average value in June (6339 J/m) and the lowest one in December (1263 J/m). The solar UVA/UVB ratios at the national level during 2005-2019 were considerably lower in summer. The EDD provincial average values in the study period were in the range of 2717 (Gilan) to 4424 J/m (Fars). The spatiotemporal variations of the solar UVR parameters were well described by the linear models as a function of cloud optical thickness (COT), ozone column amount, surface albedo, latitude, and altitude (R > 0.961, p value < 0.001) and the temporal changes of the solar UVR parameters were mainly caused by the COT. The results indicated that non-burning exposure to solar UVR in summer can be more efficient for vitamin D synthesis due to higher contribution of UVB in the solar UVR. The spatial distributions and temporal trends should be considered to determine the optimal duration, time and condition of exposure to the solar UVR for the public and occupational training and public health measures.
基于臭氧监测仪（OMI）数据集，确定了 2005-2019 年伊朗国家、省和县级的太阳紫外线辐射（UVR）。分析了 UVR 的时间（年和月）趋势和空间分布，包括红斑加权日剂量（EDD）、当地正午时间的红斑加权辐照度（EDR）和紫外线指数，以及影响时空趋势的主要因素。2005 年，伊朗的 EDD、EDR 和 UV 指数的人口加权平均值分别为 3631 J/m、176.3 mW/m 和 7.1，到 2019 年分别上升 0.22%/年，达到 3744 J/m、181.7 mW/m 和 7.3，但年趋势无统计学意义。研究期间，伊朗 EDD 的月平均值最高为 6 月（6339 J/m），最低为 12 月（1263 J/m）。2005-2019 年，全国范围内 UVA/UVB 比值在夏季相当低。研究期间，EDD 省级平均值范围为 2717（吉兰）至 4424 J/m（法尔斯）。太阳 UVR 参数的时空变化很好地用线性模型描述为云光学厚度（COT）、臭氧柱总量、地表反照率、纬度和海拔的函数（R>0.961，p 值<0.001），太阳 UVR 参数的时间变化主要由 COT 引起。结果表明，由于太阳 UVR 中 UVB 的贡献更高，夏季非燃烧暴露于太阳 UVR 可更有效地合成维生素 D。应考虑空间分布和时间趋势，以确定公众和职业培训以及公共卫生措施中暴露于太阳 UVR 的最佳持续时间、时间和条件。
