Saeedi Reza, Sadeghi Sepideh, Massoudinejad Mohamadreza, Oroskhan Maryam, Mohagheghian Azita, Mohebbi Mohamadreza, Abtahi Mehrnoosh
Research Institute for Health Sciences and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE), School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 2;10(13):e33984. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33984. eCollection 2024 Jul 15.
The water quality indices, health risk, and burden of disease attributable to heavy metals in rural communities of Yazd County, Iran during 2015-2021 were studied. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) based on 27 parameters (including heavy metals) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) were used for assessing drinking water quality. The health risk and burden of disease from heavy metals in drinking water were estimated in terms of hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Based on the DWQI scores by community, the drinking water quality in rural communities of Yazd County was characterized as good for 61 %, fair for 25 %, marginal for 2 %, and poor for 12 %. The distribution of the rural communities into the HPI categories was as follows: 43 % for excellent, 36 % for good, 14 % for poor, and 7 % for unsuitable. In about 20 % of the rural communities, the average HI level of heavy metals was higher than the boundary limit of one. The highest average HQ level at the county level was related to arsenic (As) to be 0.44. In all the communities, the total ILCR values of the heavy metals were in the category of significant increased cancer risk (10 to 10). At the county level, As and cadmium (Cd) exhibited the two highest cancer risk levels to be 1.96 × 10 and 1.87 × 10 for ILCR, respectively. The DALY rate (per 100,000 people) induced by exposure to the heavy metals via drinking water was 13.9, which was considered relatively high as compared to that of other drinking water pollutants obtained in the previous studies. The drinking water quality improvement through decreasing Cd and As levels below the standard values can drastically reduce the attributable burden of disease and promote the public health in the rural communities.
对2015 - 2021年伊朗亚兹德县农村社区的水质指标、健康风险以及重金属所致疾病负担进行了研究。基于27项参数（包括重金属）的饮用水质量指数（DWQI）和重金属污染指数（HPI）用于评估饮用水质量。从危害商数（HQ）、危害指数（HI）、终生癌症风险增量（ILCR）和伤残调整生命年（DALY）方面估算了饮用水中重金属的健康风险和疾病负担。根据各社区的DWQI得分，亚兹德县农村社区的饮用水质量状况为：61%为良好，25%为中等，2%为边缘，12%为差。农村社区在HPI类别中的分布如下：43%为优，36%为良，14%为差，7%为不适宜。在约20%的农村社区中，重金属的平均HI水平高于1的边界限值。县级层面最高的平均HQ水平与砷（As）有关，为0.44。在所有社区中，重金属的总ILCR值处于显著增加癌症风险类别（10至10）。在县级层面，As和镉（Cd）的癌症风险水平最高，ILCR分别为1.96×10和1.87×10。通过饮用水接触重金属导致的DALY率（每10万人）为13.9，与之前研究中获得的其他饮用水污染物相比，这一数值被认为相对较高。通过将Cd和As水平降低至标准值以下来改善饮用水质量，可大幅降低疾病归因负担并促进农村社区的公共卫生。
