Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2021 Jun 14;28(2):220-223. doi: 10.26444/aaem/118861. Epub 2020 Mar 20.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ethyl alcohol occupies the third place among health risks for the general population, causing damage to health as well as social damage. Ethanol is also considered the greatest risk factor in injuries. Both alcohol and its main metabolite, acetaldehyde, are directly toxic to tissues and lead to several systemic pathologies. Alcohol abuse may also lead to mental health disorders. Although one-in-eight adult Poles abstains from drinking alkohol, 10-20% of adult Poles drink alcohol regularly. It is estimated that this group includes about 900,000 addicts, and over 2,000,000 people who drink alcohol at a risky or harmful level. It affects their occurrence and their consequences Drink- driving is one of the problems most often raised, although alcohol is a documented risk factor in pedestrian accidents. It is also an important risk factor for suicidal behaviour with people under the influence of alcohol choosing more radical and effective methods of committing suicide, such as hanging or 'throwing themselves under a moving vehicle.' Only properly selected and consistently taken preventive actions can improve the tragic statistics related to ethanol stimulating risky and auto-aggressive behaviours. It is also necessary to improve the system for reporting such events because only reliable statistics enable proper assessment of the scale of the problem, and the effectiveness of these activities.
根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据，乙醇在普通人群的健康风险中排名第三，对健康和社会都造成损害。乙醇也是伤害的最大风险因素。酒精及其主要代谢物乙醛直接对组织有毒，导致多种全身病理。酒精滥用也可能导致心理健康障碍。尽管八分之一的波兰成年人戒酒，但 10-20%的成年人定期饮酒。据估计，这一群体包括约 90 万瘾君子，以及 200 多万人以危险或有害的方式饮酒。它会影响他们的发生和后果。酒后驾车是最常被提及的问题之一，尽管酒精是行人事故的有据可查的风险因素。对于受影响的人来说，它也是自杀行为的一个重要风险因素，他们会选择更激进和有效的自杀方式，如上吊或“从行驶的车辆下跳”。只有正确选择和持续采取预防措施，才能改善与乙醇刺激冒险和自我攻击行为相关的悲惨统计数据。还需要改进报告此类事件的系统，因为只有可靠的统计数据才能正确评估问题的规模，以及这些活动的有效性。
