Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02097 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Emergency Medical Services, Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 24;17(19):7003. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197003.
Suicide is one of the ten most common causes of death in the world. Of all deaths from suicide, 22% can be attributed to the use of alcohol, which means that every fifth suicide would not occur if alcohol were not consumed by the population. People under the influence of alcohol choose more radical and effective methods of dying by suicide, e.g., throwing themselves under a moving vehicle, such as a train. The presented analysis aimed to determine important risk factors affecting railway suicide in Poland and their relation to the state of alcohol intoxication of the victims, and the relationship between ethyl alcohol consumption and the phenomenon of suicide. Documentation obtained from the Department of Forensic Medicine at the Medical University of Warsaw, in the form of death registers and forensic medical records concerning examination and autopsy, was analyzed. This made it possible to identify suicide victims from among pedestrian victims of railway accidents recorded during the period under study. The research was carried out using unidimensional and multidimensional statistical analyses with IBM SPSS Statistics, version 25. Sober suicide victims were statistically significantly older than victims under the influence of alcohol; alcohol concentration was correlated with the age of the victims-the older the victims were, the higher the alcohol concentration. A significantly higher number of deaths attributed to suicide by sober victims was observed in autumn compared to other seasons. Multidimensional analysis showed a statistically significant effect of age and season on the probability of dying by suicide under the influence of alcohol-this probability decreases with the age of the victims and is also significantly lower in autumn. The observed relationship between age and the presence of alcohol in suicide victims can be the cause of railway suicides. Knowledge of the mechanisms of seasonal variability of suicidal behavior can help to develop effective strategies to prevent railway suicides. It is necessary to improve the system of reporting railway suicides, as only reliable statistics provide the possibility of assessing both the scale of the problem and the effectiveness of actions taken.
自杀是世界上十大最常见死因之一。在所有自杀死亡中，22%可归因于酒精使用，这意味着如果人群不饮酒，每五个自杀者中就有一个不会发生。受酒精影响的人会选择更激进和有效的自杀方式，例如，从行驶中的车辆（如火车）上跳下。本分析旨在确定影响波兰铁路自杀的重要风险因素及其与受害者酒精中毒状态的关系，以及乙醇消耗与自杀现象之间的关系。从华沙医科大学法医系获得的文件，以死亡登记册和法医记录的形式，对其进行了分析，这些文件涉及检查和尸检。这使得有可能从研究期间记录的铁路事故行人受害者中识别自杀受害者。研究使用 IBM SPSS Statistics 版本 25 的单维和多维统计分析进行。清醒自杀受害者的年龄明显大于受酒精影响的受害者；酒精浓度与受害者年龄相关-受害者年龄越大，酒精浓度越高。与其他季节相比，清醒受害者归因于自杀的死亡人数在秋季明显更高。多维分析显示，年龄和季节对受酒精影响的自杀死亡概率有统计学显著影响-随着受害者年龄的增长，这种概率降低，秋季也显著降低。观察到的自杀受害者年龄与酒精存在之间的关系可能是铁路自杀的原因。了解自杀行为季节性变化的机制有助于制定有效的预防铁路自杀策略。有必要改进铁路自杀报告制度，因为只有可靠的统计数据才能评估问题的规模和采取行动的有效性。
