Li Jilin, Wang Huifen, Cheng Jun-Hu
School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(2):178-191. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1944977. Epub 2021 Jun 29.
The increasing number of people with seafood allergy has caused a series of problems for practitioners and consumers in the seafood industry year by year. Thereby, development of efficient, convenient and low-cost allergen detection methods is urgently needed. This review introduces three important existing seafood allergen detection methods associated with DNA-based, protein-based and aptamer-based. Their principles and biological characteristics are firstly presented. The core of these three methods are DNA amplification techniques, specific binding of antigens and antibodies, and specific binding of aptamers and ligands, respectively. Among them, DNA-based detection method is an indirect analysis, which takes the gene of allergen as the detection object and is characterized by good stability and high sensitivity. Protein-based and aptamer-based, methods employ indirect analysis for allergen detection. The difference is that the latter uses an easily synthesized and highly efficient aptamer as the detection probe, showing great promising potentials. The advantages and disadvantages of the three mentioned detection methods are also discussed. In the future, as more efficient and reliable detection methods for seafood allergens come into practice, the possibility of seafood allergy patients eating seafood products by mistake will be greatly reduced, which will ensure the food safety and the health of allergy patients.
海鲜过敏人数的逐年增加给海鲜行业的从业者和消费者带来了一系列问题。因此，迫切需要开发高效、便捷且低成本的过敏原检测方法。本综述介绍了三种重要的现有海鲜过敏原检测方法，分别基于DNA、蛋白质和适配体。首先阐述了它们的原理和生物学特性。这三种方法的核心分别是DNA扩增技术、抗原与抗体的特异性结合以及适配体与配体的特异性结合。其中，基于DNA的检测方法是一种间接分析方法，以过敏原基因作为检测对象，具有稳定性好、灵敏度高的特点。基于蛋白质和适配体的方法采用间接分析进行过敏原检测。不同之处在于，后者使用易于合成且高效的适配体作为检测探针，展现出巨大的潜力。还讨论了上述三种检测方法的优缺点。未来，随着更高效、可靠的海鲜过敏原检测方法投入使用，海鲜过敏患者误食海鲜产品的可能性将大大降低，这将确保食品安全和过敏患者的健康。
