Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Food Microbiology, Food Research Institute Prague, Radiová 1285/7, 102 31 Prague, Czech Republic.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Jan 14;14(1):223. doi: 10.3390/genes14010223.
Parvalbumins (PVALBs) are low molecular weight calcium-binding proteins. In addition to their role in many biological processes, PVALBs play an important role in regulating Ca2+ switching in muscles with fast-twitch fibres in addition to their role in many biological processes. The PVALB gene family is divided into two gene types, alpha (α) and beta (β), with the β gene further divided into two gene types, beta1 (β1) and beta2 (β2), carrying traces of whole genome duplication. A large variety of commonly consumed fish species contain PVALB proteins which are known to cause fish allergies. More than 95% of all fish-induced food allergies are caused by PVALB proteins. The authentication of fish species has become increasingly important as the seafood industry continues to grow and the growth brings with it many cases of food fraud. Since the PVALB gene plays an important role in the initiation of allergic reactions, it has been used for decades to develop alternate assays for fish identification. A brief review of the significance of the fish PVALB genes is presented in this article, which covers evolutionary diversity, allergic properties, and potential use as a forensic marker.
副肌球蛋白（PVALBs）是低分子量的钙结合蛋白。除了在许多生物过程中发挥作用外，PVALBs 在快速抽搐纤维的肌肉中还对调节 Ca2+ 转换发挥着重要作用。PVALB 基因家族分为两种基因类型，α（α）和β（β），β 基因进一步分为两种基因类型，β1（β1）和β2（β2），带有全基因组复制的痕迹。大量常见的食用鱼类含有 PVALB 蛋白，已知会引起鱼类过敏。超过 95%的所有鱼类引起的食物过敏是由 PVALB 蛋白引起的。随着海鲜行业的持续发展和增长带来许多食品欺诈案件，鱼类物种的鉴定变得越来越重要。由于 PVALB 基因在引发过敏反应中起着重要作用，因此几十年来一直被用于开发替代的鱼类鉴定分析方法。本文简要回顾了鱼类 PVALB 基因的意义，涵盖了进化多样性、过敏特性以及作为法医标记的潜在用途。
