Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
Clin Transl Med. 2021 Jun;11(6):e468. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.468.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles 40-160 nm in diameter that are secreted by almost all cell types. Exosomes can carry diverse cargo including RNA, DNA, lipids, proteins, and metabolites. Exosomes transfer substances and information between cells by circulating in body fluids and are thus involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes in the human body. Recent studies have closely associated exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) with various human diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), which is a complex multifactorial metabolic disorder disease. Exosomal miRNAs are emerging as pivotal regulators in the progression of DM, mainly in terms of pancreatic β-cell injury and insulin resistance. Exosomal miRNAs are closely associated with DM-associated complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), etc. Further investigations of the mechanisms of action of exosomal miRNAs and their role in DM will be valuable for the thorough understanding of the physiopathological process of DM. Here, we have summarized recent findings regarding exosomal miRNAs associated with DM to provide a new strategy for identifying potential diagnostic biomarkers and drug targets for the early diagnosis and treatment, respectively, of DM.
外泌体是直径为 40-160nm 的小型细胞外囊泡，几乎所有细胞类型均可分泌外泌体。外泌体可携带多种物质，包括 RNA、DNA、脂质、蛋白质和代谢物。外泌体通过在体液中循环，在细胞间传递物质和信息，从而参与人体的多种生理和病理过程。最近的研究将外泌体 microRNAs（miRNAs）与多种人类疾病密切相关，包括糖尿病（DM），这是一种复杂的多因素代谢紊乱疾病。外泌体 miRNAs 是 DM 进展的关键调节因子，主要涉及胰岛β细胞损伤和胰岛素抵抗。外泌体 miRNAs 与 DM 相关并发症密切相关，如糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）、糖尿病肾病（DN）和糖尿病心肌病（DCM）等。深入研究外泌体 miRNAs 的作用机制及其在 DM 中的作用，将有助于深入了解 DM 的病理生理过程。在这里，我们总结了与 DM 相关的外泌体 miRNAs 的最新发现，为分别识别潜在的诊断生物标志物和药物靶点，以进行 DM 的早期诊断和治疗提供了新的策略。
