The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China.
Pharmacol Res. 2022 Apr;178:106135. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106135. Epub 2022 Feb 19.
Exosomes are discoid vesicles with a diameter of 40-160 nm. They are mainly derived from the multivesicular body formed by the invagination of lysosomal particles in the cell, which are released into the extracellular matrix after the fusion of the outer membrane. Exosomes are widespread and distributed in various body fluids, they are rich in nucleic acids (microRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, mRNA, tRNA, etc.), proteins, lipids, etc. As an important mediator of cellular communication, exosomes carry and transmit important signaling molecules and are widely involved in intercellular material transport and information transfer, they regulate cellular physiological activities and are closely related to the occurrence and course of various diseases. In recent years, with the deepening of exosome-related research, we discovered that exosomal non-coding RNAs are associated with diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic foot ulcer. This article reviews the new findings of exosomal non-coding RNAs (mainly microRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs) in diabetic complications, and analyzes the potential of exosomal ncRNA as new biomarkers and new cell-free therapies in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic complications, hoping to provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic complications.
外泌体是一种直径为 40-160nm 的圆盘状囊泡。它们主要来源于细胞内溶酶体颗粒凹陷形成的多泡体，在外膜融合后被释放到细胞外基质中。外泌体广泛分布于各种体液中，富含核酸（microRNA、lncRNA、circRNA、mRNA、tRNA 等）、蛋白质、脂质等。作为细胞间通讯的重要介质，外泌体携带并传递重要的信号分子，广泛参与细胞间物质运输和信息传递，调节细胞的生理活动，与多种疾病的发生和进程密切相关。近年来，随着对外泌体相关研究的不断深入，我们发现外泌体非编码 RNA 与糖尿病并发症（如糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病肾病、糖尿病足溃疡）有关。本文综述了外泌体非编码 RNA（主要是 microRNAs、lncRNAs、circRNAs）在糖尿病并发症中的新发现，并分析了外泌体 ncRNA 作为糖尿病并发症诊断和治疗中新的生物标志物和新型无细胞治疗的潜力，以期为糖尿病并发症的防治提供新的思路。
