University of Milan.
European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS.
J Psychol. 2021;155(7):589-605. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2021.1934374. Epub 2021 Jun 29.
Several previous studies have investigated the association between smoking, attachment style and personality, but they were either focused on personality or on attachment style and considered these variables separately. Starting from such findings, the study aims to investigate both factors, as they might not be independent, in order to clarify their role in the onset of smoking behavior in adolescence. This study was conducted on a convenience sample of 338 adolescents [male: 55% (186) - female: 45% (152)] (aged 16.63 ± 1.63). All participants completed a set of standardized questionnaires that assessed attachment style, personality and smoking behavior (starting age, daily cigarettes, nicotine dependence). Results showed that the dismissing attachment style, novelty seeking, and older age were associated with a higher likelihood of having a cigarette smoking experience; while self-directedness and gender (being female) were associated with a lower likelihood of having a cigarette smoking experience ( < .001). The secure and avoidant attachment styles were associated with a late smoking onset, whereas dismissing attachment and reward dependence were associated with an earlier smoking onset ( < .009). These findings highlight the possibility of developing a psycho-cognitive profile of adolescent smokers, and help to describe a smoking trajectory that may aid in designing tailored interventions and treatments to discourage smoking.
先前有几项研究调查了吸烟、依恋风格和个性之间的关系，但它们要么专注于个性，要么专注于依恋风格，并分别考虑这些变量。基于这些发现，本研究旨在同时调查这两个因素，因为它们可能不是独立的，以澄清它们在青少年吸烟行为发生中的作用。该研究是在一个方便的 338 名青少年样本（男性：55%（186）-女性：45%（152））中进行的（年龄为 16.63±1.63 岁）。所有参与者都完成了一套标准化的问卷，评估了依恋风格、个性和吸烟行为（开始年龄、每天吸烟量、尼古丁依赖）。结果表明，回避型依恋风格、寻求新奇和年龄较大与吸烟经历的可能性更高相关；而自我导向和性别（女性）与吸烟经历的可能性较低相关（<0.001）。安全和回避型依恋风格与吸烟开始时间较晚相关，而回避型依恋和奖励依赖与吸烟开始时间较早相关（<0.009）。这些发现强调了为青少年吸烟者制定心理认知特征的可能性，并有助于描述吸烟轨迹，这可能有助于设计针对吸烟的量身定制的干预和治疗措施。
