Clinica Veterinaria Modena Sud, Piazza dei Tintori, 1, Spilamberto (MO), Italy.
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma (PR), Italy.
BMC Vet Res. 2021 Jun 29;17(1):230. doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02933-7.
Spondylitis is an inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to a destructive process with exuberant new bone formation. Osteomyelitis can produce a distortion of the bone architecture, degenerative joint changes and ankyloses of adjacent vertebrae. In reptiles, intervertebral discs are absent, so the term discospondylitis is not used. In lizards, vertebral lesions have not been well studied. The present paper describes the first case of Klebsiella sp.-related spondylitis in a pet lizard (Pogona vitticeps).
A 2-year-old, female bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) was presented for clinical examination due to a decreased activity level, decreased appetite and constipation. Blood tests showed no remarkable alterations. The haemogram showed normal parameters with relative lymphocytosis, although the absolute number of lymphocytes did not differ from the reference values. A computed tomography scan revealed a mixed osteolytic-proliferative bone lesion diffusing to the first and last tracts of the pre-sacral vertebrae together. A small amount of material obtained from the spinal swelling was sampled with an aseptic technique for bacterial culture, which was positive for Klebsiella sp. The antibiogram revealed sensitivity to enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and chloramphenicol and intermediate sensitivity to gentamicin. Complete return to spontaneous feeding was achieved 15 days after the beginning of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy.
In veterinary medicine, spondylitis represents a well-known disease in small companion animals. In mammals, the most common aetiologic agents are fungi and bacteria. Antibiotic therapy was set based on the antibiogram, and marbofloxacin was chosen at a dosage of 10 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC) once per day (SID). After only 7 days of antibiotic therapy, the clinical condition improved significantly; the patient started feeding and drinking spontaneously and gained weight. This case should remind clinicians of the importance of always performing antibiograms before choosing any antibiotic therapy. Considering reptiles, there have been few papers about spinal diseases, mostly regarding snakes and a few about Iguana iguana. Relative to other species of saurians, the literature remains lacking.
脊柱炎是一种脊椎炎症，会导致破坏性的新骨形成过程。骨髓炎会导致骨结构扭曲、退行性关节变化和相邻脊椎融合。在爬行动物中，没有椎间盘，因此不使用椎间盘炎这个术语。在蜥蜴中，脊椎病变尚未得到很好的研究。本文描述了首例宠物蜥蜴（棘蜥）与克雷伯氏菌相关的脊柱炎病例。
一只 2 岁的雌性鬃狮蜥（棘蜥）因活动水平下降、食欲减退和便秘而就诊。血液检查无明显异常。血象显示正常参数，相对淋巴细胞增多，尽管淋巴细胞的绝对值与参考值没有差异。计算机断层扫描显示混合溶骨性-增殖性骨病变，扩散到第一和最后一节荐前椎。从脊柱肿胀处无菌采集少量材料进行细菌培养，结果为克雷伯氏菌阳性。药敏试验显示对恩诺沙星、马波沙星和氯霉素敏感，对庆大霉素中度敏感。抗生素和抗炎治疗开始后 15 天，完全恢复自发进食。
在兽医领域，脊柱炎在小型伴侣动物中是一种众所周知的疾病。在哺乳动物中，最常见的病原体是真菌和细菌。根据药敏试验结果选择抗生素治疗，选择马波沙星，剂量为 10mg/kg 皮下（SC），每天一次（SID）。仅经过 7 天的抗生素治疗，临床状况明显改善；患者开始自主进食和饮水，并增加体重。本病例应提醒临床医生，在选择任何抗生素治疗之前，始终进行药敏试验的重要性。考虑到爬行动物，关于脊椎疾病的文献很少，主要涉及蛇类，还有一些关于鬣蜥的文献。与其他爬行动物相比，文献仍然缺乏。
