Hiba Juan Carlos, Jentsch Marina, Zink Klaus J
Applied Ergonomics Group, Institute of Technology, Design and Innovation (ITDI), Faculty of Engineering, National University of Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina.
Institut für Technologie und Arbeit e. V., TU Kaiserslautern, Trippstadter Straße 113, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Z Arbeitswiss. 2021;75(2):146-154. doi: 10.1007/s41449-021-00258-7. Epub 2021 Jun 25.
The discussion about globalization has included the topic of working conditions in international supply chains for many years. In this context, the International Labour Organization (ILO) has focused on Special Economic Zones (SEZ), especially, the so-called Export Processing Zones (EPZ). It is common for developing countries to attract investors by offering special framework conditions, for example, the granting of tax holidays and the repeal of national labour protection laws (in cases where such laws exist). In recognition of this practice, many years ago the ILO developed compliance guidelines on "decent work." In this paper, Juan Carlos Hiba addresses this issue from the ILO's perspective. Marina Jentsch discusses why the topic is still relevant by comparing developments (or lack thereof) in recent years and uses data from the textile industry to illustrate certain points. The World Trade Organization (WTO) and some regional trade agreements increasingly show a trend to restrict the use of subsidies and countervailing measures and provide rules addressing the special treatment of free trade zones and their incentive systems. In the final section, Klaus J. Zink discusses the future of these zones in light of the increasing criticism levelled at the ecological impacts of production and the working and living conditions of workers. The German and European planning underway for a Law on Corporate Due Diligence in Supply Chains clearly demands a better understanding of this topic.
多年来，关于全球化的讨论一直包含国际供应链中的工作条件这一话题。在此背景下，国际劳工组织（ILO）一直关注经济特区（SEZ），特别是所谓的出口加工区（EPZ）。发展中国家通常通过提供特殊的框架条件来吸引投资者，例如给予税收优惠以及废除国家劳动保护法（如果存在此类法律的话）。认识到这种做法，多年前国际劳工组织就制定了关于“体面工作”的合规指南。在本文中，胡安·卡洛斯·希巴从国际劳工组织的角度探讨了这个问题。玛丽娜·延奇通过比较近年来的发展情况（或缺乏发展的情况）讨论了为什么这个话题仍然相关，并使用纺织行业的数据来说明某些观点。世界贸易组织（WTO）和一些区域贸易协定越来越显示出限制补贴和反补贴措施使用的趋势，并提供了涉及自由贸易区及其激励制度特殊待遇的规则。在最后一部分，克劳斯·J·津克根据对生产的生态影响以及工人工作和生活条件的批评日益增加的情况，讨论了这些区域的未来。德国和欧洲正在进行的关于供应链企业尽职调查法的规划显然要求更好地理解这个话题。
