Sarveswaran Gokul, Jayaseelan Venkatachalam, Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj, Sakthivel Manikandanesan, Arivarasan Yashodha, Vijayakumar Karthiga, Marimuthu Yamini
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
J Midlife Health. 2021 Jan-Mar;12(1):33-38. doi: 10.4103/jmh.JMH_127_20. Epub 2021 Apr 17.
Menopause characterized by a gradual decline in ovarian hormones takes its toll on the women both physically and mentally. These health problems can negatively impact the mental status. Hence, the current study was done to determine the level of stress and its associated factors among postmenopausal women in urban Puducherry, India.
A facility-based cross-sectional study was done among 219 postmenopausal women attending the outpatient department in urban primary health center during May 2017-June 2017. Information regarding sociodemographic profile was collected using pretested semi-structured questionnaire and Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess the stress level. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) to identify the determinants of stress.
Among 219 participants, 46.6% were in the age group of 60-74 years; 32.9% had primary to secondary level of education; 56.2% were unemployed; 42.5% belonged to lower socioeconomic class; and 32.9% had both diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The prevalence of stress among the postmenopausal women was 26.0% (95% confidence interval: 20.7-32.2). Postmenopausal woman with higher education (aPR - 2.18), belonging to nuclear family (aPR - 1.93), lesser parity (aPR - 1.18), and current alcohol/tobacco users (aPR-2.32) were found to have a significant association with stress among the study participants.
The current study showed that more than one-fourth of the postmenopausal women had high to very high level of stress. Education, religion, parity, and substance abuse were the significant determinants of stress. However, further longitudinal research needs to be done to determine whether the factors informed in the current study are truly associated with stress and develop interventions accordingly.
以卵巢激素逐渐下降为特征的更年期对女性的身心健康都会造成影响。这些健康问题会对心理状态产生负面影响。因此，本研究旨在确定印度本地治里市城市地区绝经后女性的压力水平及其相关因素。
2017年5月至2017年6月期间，在城市初级卫生中心门诊部对219名绝经后女性进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。使用经过预测试的半结构化问卷收集社会人口学资料，并使用科恩感知压力量表评估压力水平。我们计算了调整后的患病率比（aPRs）以确定压力的决定因素。
在219名参与者中，46.6%年龄在60 - 74岁之间；32.9%接受过小学至中学教育；56.2%失业；42.5%属于社会经济地位较低的阶层；32.9%患有糖尿病和高血压。绝经后女性的压力患病率为26.0%（95%置信区间：20.7 - 32.2）。研究参与者中，受过高等教育的绝经后女性（aPR - 2.18）、属于核心家庭的女性（aPR - 1.93）、生育次数较少的女性（aPR - 1.18）以及目前饮酒/吸烟的女性（aPR - 2.32）与压力存在显著关联。
本研究表明，超过四分之一的绝经后女性压力水平高至非常高。教育、宗教、生育次数和药物滥用是压力的重要决定因素。然而，需要进一步进行纵向研究以确定本研究中所涉及的因素是否真的与压力相关，并据此制定干预措施。
