Mendiola Michael John R, Ravago-Gotanco Rachel
The Marine Science Institute University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines.
Ecol Evol. 2021 May 4;11(12):7951-7969. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7625. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Connectivity of marine populations is shaped by complex interactions between biological and physical processes across the seascape. The influence of environmental features on the genetic structure of populations has key implications for the dynamics and persistence of populations, and an understanding of spatial scales and patterns of connectivity is crucial for management and conservation. This study employed a seascape genomics approach combining larval dispersal modeling and population genomic analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from RADseq to examine environmental factors influencing patterns of genetic structure and connectivity for a highly dispersive mud crab (Herbst, 1796) in the Sulu Sea. Dispersal simulations reveal widespread but asymmetric larval dispersal influenced by persistent southward and westward surface circulation features in the Sulu Sea. Despite potential for widespread dispersal across the Sulu Sea, significant genetic differentiation was detected among eight populations based on 1,655 SNPs ( = 0.0057, < .001) and a subset of 1,643 putatively neutral SNP markers ( = 0.0042, < .001). Oceanography influences genetic structure, with redundancy analysis (RDA) indicating significant contribution of asymmetric ocean currents to neutral genetic variation ( = 0.133, = .035). Genetic structure may also reflect demographic factors, with divergent populations characterized by low effective population sizes ( < 50). Pronounced latitudinal genetic structure was recovered for loci putatively under selection ( = 0.2390, < .001), significantly correlated with sea surface temperature variabilities during peak spawning months for ( = 0.692-0.763; < .050), suggesting putative signatures of selection and local adaptation to thermal clines. While oceanography and dispersal ability likely shape patterns of gene flow and genetic structure of across the Sulu Sea, the impacts of genetic drift and natural selection influenced by sea surface temperature also appear as likely drivers of population genetic structure. This study contributes to the growing body of literature documenting population genetic structure and local adaptation for highly dispersive marine species, and provides information useful for spatial management of the fishery resource.
海洋种群的连通性是由整个海洋景观中生物和物理过程之间的复杂相互作用所塑造的。环境特征对种群遗传结构的影响对于种群的动态和持久性具有关键意义，而了解连通性的空间尺度和模式对于管理和保护至关重要。本研究采用了一种海洋景观基因组学方法，将幼体扩散建模与种群基因组分析相结合，利用从RADseq获得的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）来研究影响苏禄海一种高度扩散性泥蟹（赫布斯特，1796年）遗传结构和连通性模式的环境因素。扩散模拟显示，受苏禄海持续向南和向西的表层环流特征影响，幼体扩散广泛但不对称。尽管有在苏禄海广泛扩散的潜力，但基于1655个SNP（FST = 0.0057，P < 0.001）和1643个假定中性SNP标记的子集（FST = 0.0042，P < 0.001），在八个种群中检测到了显著的遗传分化。海洋学影响遗传结构，冗余分析（RDA）表明不对称洋流对中性遗传变异有显著贡献（R2 = 0.133，P = 0.035）。遗传结构也可能反映人口统计学因素，分化的种群以低有效种群大小（Ne < 50）为特征。对于假定受到选择的基因座，恢复了明显的纬度遗传结构（FST = 0.2390，P < 0.001），与泥蟹产卵高峰期的海表温度变异性显著相关（r = 0.692 - 0.763；P < 0.050），表明存在选择和对热梯度的局部适应的假定特征。虽然海洋学和扩散能力可能塑造了苏禄海泥蟹的基因流动和遗传结构模式，但遗传漂变和受海表温度影响的自然选择的影响似乎也是种群遗传结构的可能驱动因素。本研究为记录高度扩散性海洋物种的种群遗传结构和局部适应的文献增添了内容，并提供了对渔业资源空间管理有用的信息。
