Park Ju-Young, Park Eun-Young
Department of Rehabilitation, College of Medical Sciences, Jeonju University, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
Department of Secondary Special Education, College of Education, Jeonju University, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
Int J Dev Disabil. 2019 Jun 30;67(3):188-201. doi: 10.1080/20473869.2019.1633166.
This study analyzed factors affecting the acquisition and retention of employment among individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). These factors were verified according to job type and were classified into general characteristics, family-related factors, psychological factors, and abilities. Data from 398 individuals with ID were analyzed using chi-square tests, independent -tests, and regression analyses using the second wave of the first year Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled in Korea. We found significant differences in sex, education level, receipt of basic living security assistance, transportation use, household income level, and family support between employed and unemployed participants. Additionally, the employed (vs. unemployed) ID group had significantly higher scores for all variables related to psychological factors and abilities. Factors affecting employment among individuals with ID included age, education level, receipt of basic living security assistance, family support, and vocational ability. Older age, higher education level, absence of basic living security assistance, greater family support, and higher vocational ability were associated with a higher probability of current employment. Transportation use and parents' education were associated with a high probability of non-manufacturing-type jobs. Being married, absence of basic living security assistance, greater householder income level, family support, and manufacturing industry work were associated with increased job retention. Consequently, modifying the benefit system and developing family support systems may promote employment acquisition and retention among people with ID. Efforts are also needed to expand the job types available to individuals with ID.
本研究分析了影响智障人士就业获取与保留的因素。这些因素根据工作类型进行了验证，并分为一般特征、家庭相关因素、心理因素和能力。使用韩国残疾人就业第一年面板调查第二轮的数据，对398名智障人士的数据进行了卡方检验、独立样本t检验和回归分析。我们发现，在职和失业参与者在性别、教育水平、基本生活保障援助的领取情况、交通使用情况、家庭收入水平和家庭支持方面存在显著差异。此外，在职（与失业相比）智障人士组在所有与心理因素和能力相关的变量上得分显著更高。影响智障人士就业的因素包括年龄、教育水平、基本生活保障援助的领取情况、家庭支持和职业能力。年龄较大、教育水平较高、没有基本生活保障援助、家庭支持较大以及职业能力较高与当前就业的可能性较高相关。交通使用情况和父母的教育程度与非制造业工作的高可能性相关。已婚、没有基本生活保障援助、家庭户主收入水平较高、家庭支持以及从事制造业工作与工作保留率的提高相关。因此，修改福利制度和发展家庭支持系统可能会促进智障人士的就业获取和保留。还需要努力扩大智障人士可获得的工作类型。
