Department of Health and Medical Information, Myongji College, Seoul, 03656, Republic of Korea.
College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Aug 25;22(1):1613. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13747-z.
Opportunities for paid employment provide meaningful ways for those with disabilities to participate in society and achieve financial independence. Although the onset age of disabilities can alter individuals' attitudes toward accepting their disabilities and their desire for work, the lack of data limits relevant empirical research. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the onset age on employment, job security (permanent vs. temporary), and wage level among visually impaired adults in South Korea.
We used three years of the National Survey on Persons with Disabilities data, 2011, 2014, and 2017, and included 583 participants in this study. We used a logistic regression model for the employment status and a multinomial logistic regression model for job security. We analyzed log monthly wage by a multivariate linear regression model, which subdivided the age groups, with 20-49 years old denoting prime-aged (n = 245) and 50-64 years old denoting late-middle-aged (n = 338). For each age group, we conducted a sub-analysis by sex.
For prime-aged adults, the employment probability decreased as the age of visual impartment onset increased, and women in particular experienced a lower employment rate for both permanent and temporary jobs when their disability onset age was above 25. However, among permanent employees, monthly wages were higher if the onset age was 25 + compared to when the onset age was 0-5 years old. In late middle-aged adults, adult onset disabilities were associated with higher odds of employment and higher wages for temporary jobs, implying these individuals worked unskilled or manual jobs.
In prime-aged adults, higher monthly wages among permanent employees showed that they were more likely to continue their original work, whereas in late-middle-aged adults, adult-onset disabilities were associated with a higher employment rate and higher wages for temporary jobs, suggesting the need for further investigation into job quality. These findings indicate a need for differentiated policy approaches considering the onset age of visual impairment to improve labor market outcomes throughout individuals' lifespans.
有薪就业机会为残疾人士提供了有意义的参与社会和实现经济独立的途径。尽管残疾的发病年龄会改变个人对接受残疾的态度和对工作的渴望，但数据的缺乏限制了相关的实证研究。本研究的目的是检验发病年龄对韩国视障成年人就业、工作保障（永久与临时）和工资水平的影响。
我们使用了 2011 年、2014 年和 2017 年三年的全国残疾人调查数据，共纳入 583 名参与者。我们使用逻辑回归模型分析就业状况，使用多项逻辑回归模型分析工作保障。我们通过多元线性回归模型分析对数月工资，将年龄组分为 20-49 岁的主要年龄段（n=245）和 50-64 岁的中老年年龄段（n=338）。对于每个年龄组，我们按性别进行了亚组分析。
对于主要年龄段的成年人，随着发病年龄的增加，就业的可能性降低，尤其是女性，如果残疾发病年龄超过 25 岁，其永久性和临时性工作的就业率都较低。然而，在永久性员工中，发病年龄为 25 岁及以上时，月工资高于发病年龄为 0-5 岁时。在中老年成年人中，成年发病的残疾与就业机会增加和临时工作工资增加有关，这意味着这些人从事非技术或体力劳动工作。
在主要年龄段的成年人中，永久性员工的较高月工资表明他们更有可能继续原来的工作，而在中老年成年人中，成年发病的残疾与临时工作的较高就业率和较高工资有关，这表明需要进一步调查工作质量。这些发现表明，需要考虑视力障碍的发病年龄，制定有区别的政策方法，以改善整个生命周期内的劳动力市场结果。
