Zhao Menghan, Hannum Emily
Demography Department and Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China.
Sociology Department and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania.
Chin Sociol Rev. 2019;51:365-396. doi: 10.1080/21620555.2019.1635879. Epub 2019 Jul 26.
China's so-called "floating population" of rural-urban labor migrants includes rising numbers of couples and families migrating together. Labor market outcomes may differ for migrant men and women, in part due to family obligations, but few recent studies have investigated this possibility. This paper focuses on the relationship of labor outcomes with family obligations among migrant men and women and considers whether this relationship differs among those with higher and lower earnings potential. We perform nested logit models of employment status and OLS regression analyses of income, using a nationally-representative survey collected in 2013. For migrant women, childcare responsibilities are negatively associated with employment and income. In contrast, for migrant men, being co-resident with children has no bearing on probability of being employed full-time and is sometimes positively associated with income. Further, the "motherhood penalty" in income is most pronounced among migrant women with the least education. Results illustrate the embeddedness of individual migration decisions and outcomes within families. Findings also highlight a stark choice facing many migrant women: between earning for their children and living with them.
中国所谓的农村进城务工“流动人口”中，夫妻和家庭一同迁移的人数不断增加。农民工男性和女性的劳动力市场结果可能有所不同，部分原因在于家庭责任，但近期很少有研究探讨这种可能性。本文重点关注农民工男性和女性的劳动成果与家庭责任之间的关系，并考虑这种关系在收入潜力较高和较低的人群中是否存在差异。我们使用2013年全国代表性调查数据，进行就业状况的嵌套逻辑模型分析和收入的OLS回归分析。对于农民工女性来说，育儿责任与就业和收入呈负相关。相比之下，对于农民工男性而言，与孩子同住对全职就业概率没有影响，有时甚至与收入呈正相关。此外，收入方面的“母亲身份惩罚”在受教育程度最低的农民工女性中最为明显。研究结果说明了个人迁移决策和结果在家庭中的嵌入性。研究结果还凸显了许多农民工女性面临的严峻选择：是为孩子挣钱还是与孩子生活在一起。
