Scientific Research Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname.
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname.
Reprod Health. 2021 Jun 30;18(1):136. doi: 10.1186/s12978-021-01184-x.
Prenatal depression may have adverse health effects on mothers and their offspring. Perceived stress is an important risk factor for depression during pregnancy. Studies have shown that both perceived stress and depression may negatively influence birth outcomes. While 20% of pregnancies in Suriname, a middle-income Caribbean country located in northern South America, results in adverse birth outcomes, data on prenatal depression and its risk factors are lacking. This study aimed to assess the influence of perceived stress on depression during pregnancy in Surinamese women.
Survey data were used from 1143 pregnant women who participated in the Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health-MeKiTamara prospective cohort study that addresses the impact of chemical and non-chemical environmental exposures in mother/child dyads in Suriname. The Edinburgh Depression Scale and Cohen Perceived Stress Scale were used to screen for probable depression (cut-off ≥ 12) and high stress (cut-off ≥ 20), respectively. The association between perceived stress and depression was examined using bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for social support (including resilience) and maternal demographics.
The prevalence of high perceived stress during the first two trimesters and the third trimester were 27.2% and 24.7% respectively. 22.4% of the participants had probable depression during first or second trimester and 17.6% during the third trimester. Women experiencing high stress levels during the first two trimesters had 1.92 increased odds (95% CI 1.18-3.11, p = 0.008) of having probable depression during the third trimester of pregnancy than those with low stress levels. Pregnant women with low individual resilience during early pregnancy (52.1%) had 1.65 (95% CI 1.03-2.63, p = 0.038) increased odds of having probable depression during later stages of pregnancy compared to those with high individual resilience. Low educational level (p = 0.004) and age of the mother (20-34 years) (p = 0.023) were significantly associated with probable depression during the third trimester.
Early detection and management of stress and depression during pregnancy are important. Health education programs, targeting the reduction of stress during pregnancy, may help to reduce depression and its potential adverse health effects on the mother and child.
产前抑郁症可能对母亲及其后代的健康产生不良影响。感知到的压力是怀孕期间抑郁的一个重要危险因素。研究表明，感知到的压力和抑郁都可能对生育结果产生负面影响。尽管在南美洲北部的中美洲国家苏里南，20%的妊娠会导致不良的生育结果，但缺乏关于产前抑郁症及其危险因素的数据。本研究旨在评估苏里南妇女感知到的压力对怀孕期间抑郁的影响。
使用了 1143 名参与加勒比环境与职业健康研究联盟-梅基塔玛拉前瞻性队列研究的孕妇的调查数据，该研究旨在解决苏里南母婴对子中化学和非化学环境暴露的影响。使用爱丁堡抑郁量表和科恩感知压力量表分别筛查可能的抑郁（临界值≥12）和高压力（临界值≥20）。使用双变量和多因素逻辑回归分析，调整社会支持（包括韧性）和产妇人口统计学因素，检查感知压力与抑郁之间的关系。
在前两个和第三个三个月期间，高感知压力的发生率分别为 27.2%和 24.7%。在第一个或第二个三个月期间，有 22.4%的参与者有抑郁的可能性，在第三个三个月期间，有 17.6%的参与者有抑郁的可能性。在前两个三个月期间经历高压力水平的女性在第三个三个月期间出现抑郁的可能性是低压力水平的女性的 1.92 倍（95%CI 1.18-3.11，p=0.008）。在妊娠早期（52.1%）个人韧性较低的孕妇与个人韧性较高的孕妇相比，在妊娠后期出现抑郁的可能性增加了 1.65 倍（95%CI 1.03-2.63，p=0.038）。低教育水平（p=0.004）和母亲年龄（20-34 岁）（p=0.023）与第三个三个月期间出现抑郁显著相关。
早期发现和管理怀孕期间的压力和抑郁非常重要。针对怀孕期间减少压力的健康教育计划可能有助于减少抑郁及其对母亲和儿童的潜在不良健康影响。
