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六价铀氮化物的合成、结构与反应活性

Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of uranium(vi) nitrides.

作者信息

Barluzzi Luciano, Hsueh Fang-Che, Scopelliti Rosario, Atkinson Benjamin E, Kaltsoyannis Nikolas, Mazzanti Marinella

机构信息

Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK.

出版信息

Chem Sci. 2021 Apr 30;12(23):8096-8104. doi: 10.1039/d1sc01796a.

Abstract

Uranium nitride compounds are important molecular analogues of uranium nitride materials such as UN and UN which are effective catalysts in the Haber-Bosch synthesis of ammonia, but the synthesis of molecular nitrides remains a challenge and studies of the reactivity and of the nature of the bonding are poorly developed. Here we report the synthesis of the first nitride bridged uranium complexes containing U(vi) and provide a unique comparison of reactivity and bonding in U(vi)/U(vi), U(vi)/U(v) and U(v)/U(v) systems. Oxidation of the U(v)/U(v) bis-nitride [K{U(OSi(O Bu))(μ-N)}], , with mild oxidants yields the U(v)/U(vi) complexes [K{U(OSi(O Bu))(μ-N)}], and [K{U(OSi(O Bu))}(μ-N)(μ-I)], while oxidation with a stronger oxidant ("magic blue") yields the U(vi)/U(vi) complex [{U(OSi(O Bu))}(μ-N)(μ-thf)], . The three complexes show very different stability and reactivity, with N release observed for complex . Complex undergoes hydrogenolysis to yield imido bridged [K{U(OSi(O Bu))(μ-NH)}], and rare amido bridged U(iv)/U(iv) complexes [{U(OSi(O Bu))}(μ-NH)(μ-thf)], while no hydrogenolysis could be observed for . Both complexes and react with H to yield quantitatively NHCl, but only complex reacts with CO and H. Differences in reactivity can be related to significant differences in the U-N bonding. Computational studies show a delocalised bond across the U-N-U for and , but an asymmetric bonding scheme is found for the U(vi)/U(vi) complex which shows a U-N σ orbital well localised to U[triple bond, length as m-dash]N and π orbitals which partially delocalise to form the U-N single bond with the other uranium.

摘要

氮化铀化合物是氮化铀材料(如UN和UN)的重要分子类似物,它们在哈伯-博施法合成氨中是有效的催化剂,但分子氮化物的合成仍然是一个挑战,对其反应性和键合性质的研究也很不完善。在此,我们报告了首例含U(VI)的氮桥联铀配合物的合成,并对U(VI)/U(VI)、U(VI)/U(V)和U(V)/U(V)体系中的反应性和键合作了独特的比较。用温和氧化剂氧化U(V)/U(V)双氮化物[K{U(OSi(OtBu))(μ-N)}],可得到U(V)/U(VI)配合物[K{U(OSi(OtBu))(μ-N)}]和[K{U(OSi(OtBu))}(μ-N)(μ-I)],而用更强的氧化剂(“魔蓝”)氧化则得到U(VI)/U(VI)配合物[{U(OSi(OtBu))}(μ-N)(μ-thf)]。这三种配合物表现出非常不同的稳定性和反应性,配合物观察到有氮释放。配合物发生氢解反应生成亚氨基桥联的[K{U(OSi(OtBu))(μ-NH)}]和罕见的氨基桥联U(IV)/U(IV)配合物[{U(OSi(OtBu))}(μ-NH)(μ-thf)],而配合物未观察到氢解反应。配合物和都与H反应定量生成NHCl,但只有配合物与CO和H反应。反应性的差异可能与U-N键合的显著差异有关。计算研究表明,配合物和中U-N-U之间存在离域键,但U(VI)/U(VI)配合物发现有不对称的键合方案,其显示U-N σ轨道很好地定域于U≡N,而π轨道部分离域以与另一个铀形成U-N单键。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/121b/8208130/24354ead3ccd/d1sc01796a-s1.jpg

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