Drummond Francis A, Lund Jennifer, Eitzer Brian
School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry, Augusta, ME 04330, USA.
Insects. 2021 Jun 5;12(6):523. doi: 10.3390/insects12060523.
A two-year study was conducted in Maine wild blueberry fields ( Aiton) on the health of migratory honey bee colonies in 2014 and 2015. In each year, three or five colonies were monitored at each of nine wild blueberry field locations during bloom (mid-May until mid-June). Colony health was measured by assessing colony strength during wild blueberry bloom. Potential factors that might affect colony health were queen failure or supersedure; pesticide residues on trapped pollen, wax comb, and bee bread; and parasites and pathogens. We found that Varroa mite and pesticide residues on trapped pollen were significant predictors of colony health measured as the rate of change in the amount of sealed brood during bloom. These two factors explained 71% of the variance in colony health over the two years. Pesticide exposure was different in each year as were pathogen prevalence and incidence. We detected high prevalence and abundance of two recently discovered pathogens and one recently discovered parasite, the trypanosome Schwartz, the Sinai virus, and the phorid fly, Brues.
2014年和2015年,在缅因州的野生蓝莓田(艾顿)开展了一项为期两年的研究,以调查迁徙蜂群的健康状况。每年蓝莓花期(5月中旬至6月中旬),在9个野生蓝莓田地点中的每一处监测3至5个蜂群。通过评估蓝莓花期时蜂群的强壮程度来衡量蜂群健康状况。可能影响蜂群健康的潜在因素包括蜂王死亡或更替;诱捕花粉、蜂巢和蜂粮上的农药残留;以及寄生虫和病原体。我们发现,熊蜂螨和诱捕花粉上的农药残留是蜂群健康状况的重要预测指标,蜂群健康状况以花期封盖子数量的变化率来衡量。这两个因素解释了两年间蜂群健康状况差异的71%。每年的农药暴露情况不同,病原体的流行率和发病率也是如此。我们检测到两种最近发现的病原体和一种最近发现的寄生虫的高流行率和高丰度,即施瓦茨锥虫、西奈病毒和布鲁氏蚤蝇。