Wai Jonathan, Lovett Benjamin J
Department of Education Reform, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
J Intell. 2021 Jun 13;9(2):31. doi: 10.3390/jintelligence9020031.
Fully developing the talents of all students is a fundamental goal for personal well-being and development and ultimately for global societal innovation and flourishing. However, in this paper we focus on what we believe is an often neglected and underdeveloped population, that of the gifted. We draw from the cognitive aptitude and gifted education research literatures to make the case that solutions to consequential real-world problems can be greatly enhanced by more fully developing the talents of the intellectually gifted population, which we operationalize in this paper as roughly the top 5% of cognitive talent. Should well-supported high achievers choose to solve them, these problems span health, science, economic growth, and areas unforeseen. We draw from longitudinal research on intellectually precocious students and retrospective research on leaders and innovators in society, showing that mathematical, verbal, and spatial aptitudes are linked to societal innovation. We then discuss two remaining fundamental challenges: the identification of disadvantaged and marginalized groups of students who have traditionally been neglected in selection for gifted programming suited to their current developmental needs, and the building of skills beyond academic ones, specifically in the related areas of open-minded thinking and intellectual humility.
充分发挥所有学生的才能是个人幸福与发展的根本目标,最终也是全球社会创新与繁荣的根本目标。然而,在本文中,我们关注的是我们认为经常被忽视且发展不足的群体,即天才群体。我们借鉴认知能力和天才教育研究文献,以证明通过更充分地发挥高智商天才群体的才能(在本文中我们将其大致界定为认知能力前5%的人群),可以极大地提升解决实际重大问题的能力。如果得到充分支持,成绩优异者选择解决这些问题,它们涵盖健康、科学、经济增长以及一些未预见的领域。我们借鉴对智力早熟学生的纵向研究以及对社会中的领导者和创新者的回顾性研究,表明数学、语言和空间能力与社会创新相关。然后,我们讨论剩下的两个基本挑战:识别那些在传统上被忽视、未被选入适合其当前发展需求的天才项目的处境不利和边缘化的学生群体,以及培养学术技能之外的技能,特别是在开放思维和智识谦逊等相关领域的技能。