Urbina Ángel, Calderón Fernando, Benito Santiago
Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Polytechnic University of Madrid, University City, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Foods. 2021 Jun 13;10(6):1356. doi: 10.3390/foods10061356.
Most commercialized red wines are produced through alcoholic fermentation performed by yeasts of the genus, and a second fermentation performed by lactic bacteria of the species once the first is completely finished. However, the classical process can suffer complications, of which the risks can increase in grape juices with high contents of sugar and pH. Due to climate change, these situations are becoming more common in the winemaking industry. The main risks in those scenarios are alcoholic-fermentation stops or sluggish and undesirable bacteria development while alcoholic fermentation is not finished yet and wine still contains residual sugars. The study propose a novel alternative that offers a solution or reduces the risk of those scenarios while increasing acidity, which is another serious problem of warm viticulture regions. The alternative consists of the combined use of to reduce the pH of musts that suffer from a lack of acidity, (formerly ) to achieve malic acid stability during the first stages of alcoholic fermentation, and to complete the alcoholic fermentation in difficult wines of high potential alcohol degree of over 15% (/). The new proposed biotechnology produced wines with higher final concentrations in lactic acid, glycerol, color intensity, ethyl lactate and 2-phenyl ethyl acetate in 2.39 g/L, 0.52 g/L, 21%, 48% and 37% respectively than the classical methodology where genus performs alcoholic fermentation and later performs malolactic fermentation. Additionally, the new alternative produced wines with lower concentration in ethanol, pH, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, diacetyl and 1-propanol in 0.37% (), 0.26, 0.08 g/L, 22%, 69% and 28% respectively than the classic method.
大多数商业化的红葡萄酒是通过酵母属酵母进行酒精发酵生产的,在第一次发酵完全完成后,再由特定种类的乳酸菌进行二次发酵。然而,传统工艺可能会出现并发症,在含糖量和pH值较高的葡萄汁中风险可能会增加。由于气候变化,这些情况在葡萄酒酿造行业中变得越来越普遍。在这些情况下的主要风险是酒精发酵停止或缓慢,以及在酒精发酵尚未完成且葡萄酒仍含有残余糖分的时候出现不良细菌滋生。该研究提出了一种新的替代方法,可以提供解决方案或降低这些情况的风险,同时提高酸度——这是温暖葡萄种植区的另一个严重问题。该替代方法包括联合使用(某种物质)来降低酸度不足的葡萄汁中的pH值;(某种物质,原名称)在酒精发酵第一阶段实现苹果酸稳定性;以及(某种物质)在酒精度超过15%(体积分数)的高潜在酒精度困难葡萄酒中完成酒精发酵。新提出的生物技术生产出的葡萄酒,其乳酸、甘油、颜色强度、乳酸乙酯和2-苯乙醇乙酸酯最终浓度分别比传统方法(酵母属进行酒精发酵,随后进行苹果酸乳酸发酵)高2.39克/升、0.52克/升、21%、48%和37%。此外,新的替代方法生产出的葡萄酒中乙醇、pH值、乙酸、乙酸乙酯、双乙酰和1-丙醇的浓度分别比传统方法低0.37%(体积分数)、0.26、0.08克/升、22%、69%和28%。