Chudasama Rani, Phung Quan, Hsu Andrew, Almhanna Khaldoun
Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Jun 13;9(6):647. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9060647.
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are some of the most common and devastating malignancies and include colorectal, gastric, esophageal, hepatocellular, and pancreatic carcinomas, among others. Five-year survival rates for many of these malignancies remain low. The majority presents at an advanced stage with limited treatment options and poor overall survival. Treatment is advancing but not at the same speed as other malignancies. Chemotherapy and radiation treatments are still only partially effective in GI malignancies and cause significant side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel strategies in the treatment of GI malignancies. Recently, immunotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors have entered as potential new therapeutic options for patients, and thus, cancer vaccines may play a major role in the future of treatment for these malignancies. Further advances in understanding the interaction between the tumor and immune system have led to the development of novel agents, such as cancer vaccines.
胃肠道（GI）恶性肿瘤是一些最常见且极具破坏性的恶性肿瘤，包括结直肠癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝细胞癌和胰腺癌等。许多这类恶性肿瘤的五年生存率仍然很低。大多数患者就诊时已处于晚期，治疗选择有限，总体生存率较差。治疗虽在进展，但速度不及其他恶性肿瘤。化疗和放疗在胃肠道恶性肿瘤中仍仅部分有效，且会引发显著的副作用。因此，迫切需要治疗胃肠道恶性肿瘤的新策略。近来，免疫疗法和检查点抑制剂已成为患者潜在的新治疗选择，因而癌症疫苗可能在这些恶性肿瘤未来的治疗中发挥重要作用。在理解肿瘤与免疫系统之间相互作用方面的进一步进展已促成了新型药物的研发，比如癌症疫苗。
