围产期抑郁、分娩经历、婚姻满意度和育儿分担：俄罗斯母亲的研究。
Perinatal Depression, Birth Experience, Marital Satisfaction and Childcare Sharing: A Study in Russian Mothers.
机构信息
Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education, 125009 Moscow, Russia.
Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 125009 Moscow, Russia.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 4;18(11):6086. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18116086.
BACKGROUND
Over 300,000 women in Russia face perinatal depressive disorders every year, according to the data for middle-income countries. This study is the first attempt to perform a two-phase study of perinatal depressive disorders in Russia. The paper examines risk factors for perinatal depressive symptoms, such as marital satisfaction, birth experience, and childcare sharing.
METHODS
At 15-40 gestational weeks (M = 30.7, SD = 6.6), 343 Russian-speaking women, with a mean age of 32 years (SD = 4.4), completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Couples Satisfaction Index, Birth Satisfaction Scale, and provided socio-demographic data. Two months after childbirth, 190 of them participated in the follow-up.
RESULTS
The follow-up indicated that 36.4% of participants suffered from prenatal depression and 34.3% of participants had postnatal depression. Significant predictors of prenatal depression were physical well-being during pregnancy ( = -0.25; = 0.002) and marital satisfaction during pregnancy ( = -0.01; = 0.018). Birth satisfaction ( = -0.08; = 0.001), physical well-being at two months after delivery ( = -0.36; < 0.01), and marital satisfaction during pregnancy ( = 0.01; = 0.016) and after delivery ( = -0.02; < 0.01) significantly predicted postnatal depression at 2 months after delivery.
CONCLUSION
Our study identified that physical well-being during pregnancy and marital satisfaction during pregnancy significantly predicted prenatal depression. Birth satisfaction, physical well-being at 2 months after delivery, and marital satisfaction during pregnancy and after delivery significantly predicted postnatal depression. To our knowledge, this is the first study of perinatal depressive disorders in the context of marital satisfaction and birth satisfaction in the Russian sample. The problem of unequal childcare sharing is widely spread in Russia. Adjusting spousal expectations and making arrangements for childcare may become the focus of psychological work with the family. The availability of psychological support during pregnancy and labor may be important in the context of reducing perinatal depression risks.
背景
据中低收入国家的数据显示，俄罗斯每年有超过 30 万名女性面临围产期抑郁障碍。本研究首次尝试在俄罗斯进行围产期抑郁障碍的两阶段研究。本文研究了围产期抑郁症状的风险因素，如婚姻满意度、分娩体验和育儿分担。
方法
在妊娠 15-40 周（M = 30.7，SD = 6.6）时，343 名讲俄语的女性（平均年龄 32 岁，SD = 4.4）完成了爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、夫妻满意度指数、分娩满意度量表，并提供了社会人口统计学数据。分娩后两个月，其中 190 名参加了随访。
结果
随访结果表明，36.4%的参与者患有产前抑郁症，34.3%的参与者患有产后抑郁症。产前抑郁的显著预测因素是孕期身体状况（ = -0.25； = 0.002）和孕期婚姻满意度（ = -0.01； = 0.018）。分娩满意度（ = -0.08； = 0.001）、分娩后两个月的身体状况（ = -0.36； < 0.01）、孕期婚姻满意度（ = 0.01； = 0.016）和分娩后（ = -0.02； < 0.01）显著预测分娩后 2 个月的产后抑郁。
结论
本研究发现，孕期身体状况和孕期婚姻满意度显著预测产前抑郁。分娩满意度、分娩后 2 个月的身体状况、孕期和分娩后婚姻满意度显著预测产后抑郁。据我们所知，这是在俄罗斯样本中首次研究婚姻满意度和分娩满意度背景下的围产期抑郁障碍。俄罗斯育儿分担不平等的问题广泛存在。调整配偶的期望并安排育儿可能成为家庭心理工作的重点。在降低围产期抑郁风险的背景下，提供孕期和分娩期间的心理支持可能很重要。
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