Olderbak Sally, Bader Christina, Hauser Nicole, Kleitman Sabina
Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Therapy Department, Justizvollzugsanstalt Bruchsal, Schönbornstraße 32, 76646 Bruchsal, Germany.
J Intell. 2021 Jun 4;9(2):29. doi: 10.3390/jintelligence9020029.
When meeting someone at zero acquaintance, we make assumptions about each other that encompass emotional states, personality traits, and even cognitive abilities. Evidence suggests individuals can accurately detect psychopathic personality traits in strangers based on short video clips or photographs of faces. We present an in-depth examination of this ability. In two studies, we investigated whether high psychopathy traits are perceivable and whether other traits affect ratings of psychopathic traits in the sense of a halo effect. On the perceiver's end, we additionally examined how cognitive abilities and personality traits of the responders affect these ratings. In two studies ( = 170 community adults from the USA, = 126 students from Australia), participants rated several targets on several characteristics of psychopathy, as well as on attractiveness, masculinity, sympathy, trustworthiness, neuroticism, intelligence, and extraversion. Results show that responders were generally able to detect psychopathy. Responders generally came to a consensus in their ratings, and using profile similarity metrics, we found a weak relation between ratings of psychopathy and the targets' psychopathy level as determined by the Psychopathy Checklist: Short Version. Trait ratings, though, were influenced by the ratings of other traits like attractiveness. Finally, we found accuracy in the perception of psychopathy was positively related to fluid intelligence but unrelated to emotion perception ability.
在与完全陌生的人初次见面时，我们会对彼此做出一些假设，这些假设涵盖了情绪状态、性格特征，甚至认知能力。有证据表明，个体能够根据陌生人的短视频或面部照片准确地识别出其精神病态人格特征。我们对这种能力进行了深入研究。在两项研究中，我们调查了高精神病态特征是否可被察觉，以及在光环效应的影响下，其他特征是否会影响对精神病态特征的评分。在感知者方面，我们还研究了应答者的认知能力和人格特征如何影响这些评分。在两项研究中（第一项研究有170名来自美国的社区成年人参与，第二项研究有126名来自澳大利亚的学生参与），参与者对几个目标对象的精神病态特征、吸引力、男性气质、同情心、可信度、神经质、智力和外向性等多个特征进行了评分。结果表明，应答者通常能够识别出精神病态。应答者的评分总体上达成了共识，通过轮廓相似性度量，我们发现精神病态评分与《精神病态检查表：简版》所确定的目标对象的精神病态水平之间存在微弱的关联。然而，特质评分受到了吸引力等其他特质评分的影响。最后，我们发现对精神病态的感知准确性与流体智力呈正相关，与情绪感知能力无关。
